درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper exامینes the inter-relationship of three major phenomena- population growth, uncontrolled urban expansion and urban development in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Uncontrolled urban expansion has a resultant effect on the urban development of a city whereas uncontrolled urban development is caused by uncontrolled population increase is caused by Migration. This work encapsulates how population growth has affected the urban expansion and resultant land use and urban development in the city. The methodology adopted the use of both primary and secondary data: the population data from the Demography Division of the Governor’s Office and the urban growth Maps (1956 and 2006. Data were analysed and the resulting graphs extrapolated to show the relationship of population growth on urban expansion and urban land use/urban development. Results show a direct correlation between population growth and both urban expansion and land use/urban development: between 1966 and 1976 the population dropped; as reflected in the drop in urban growth in terms spatial expansion of the city and urban development as there was a decrease in urban land use for education, industrial, and other land uses. Between 1996 and 2006, the population increased; also reflected on the increase in urban growth and urban land uses. Result is useful for Physical, Economic and Strategic Planners in formulating policies for urban renewal schemes and Development Control. The result is also applicable to medium-sized and small cities, in the Developing Countries.

School is an environment which brings out students’ hidden talents. Paying attention to an appropriate context and environment has a huge impact on achieving this goal. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate semantic factors provided by experts influence students’ sense of belonging at high school students in terms of Iranian experts. To this end, firstly data were collected through the library study along with preparation of hierarchal semantic factors, affecting the sense of belonging. After preparing the paired comparison questionnaires, the feedback from a number of experts was taken. Data were assessed by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice11 software. The results of the study showed that the factors related to meaning induced by environment are the most effective ones. In fact, semantic factors which are effective in the relationship of students with their feelings and perceptions have the greatest influence in increasing their belonging to school. Based on the results of the sub-categories, legibility, "evoking memories in the environment" and "Possibility of controlling territories for students," are respectively recognized as the most important factors in creating children’s sense of belonging to the school yard. Factors such as age and gender of the student are less effective than other factors in making sense of belonging.

Technology affected human life in many ways in different eras of mankind history. Today, the information and telecommunication technology has revolutionized basic structures of human life. Changes are from the whole to the parts and vice versa, which include family and society too. Family lost its former structure in the information age and differentiated from patriarchy family. Societies have been formed based on logic of networking and new network societies are predominant form of our societies with their advantages and flaws comparing with the traditional societies. Basic concepts of the life i.e. space and time also have been transformed and living in space of flows and concurrency of functions require a special structure or body. Architecture constitutes the body of our societies which must meet physical and mental needs of humankind. In a transforming world, architecture is connecting ring between society and surrounding environment, previous traditions and future world, which its borders between reality and virtuality are very close. Architecture with a global-local approach can assist human who is wondering in the virtual world to redefine its own identity and finds its position in labyrinth of global networks and also safeguards his survival via respecting nature and paying attention to sense of place as one of the principles of vernacular and traditional architecture. Technology has affected on the architectural design, leading to creation of new shapes and distinct erections. Architectural design by employing networks and collective intelligence, overcome temporal and spatial limits and became a collective activity. Architecture by creating spaces according to global, regional and local considerations and emphasis on principles of design supported by collective intelligence and strengthening bonds among the human, nature and technology, will act as a panacea which will heal crisis of identity and cultural multitude; the crisis that storm out human body and soul in our present stressful world.

The question from the mission of architecture and its relationship with human as the artist or the audience, without addressing to the reality issue and the manner of cognition is not possible. As a human phenomenon, architecture is a product of human awareness on various aspects such as scientific, engineering, and artistic aspects. Therefore, clarifying the nature and the manner of awareness, cognition and the methods and tools, can contribute to understand the art work. In continue the manner of advent and perception of wisdom in the Islamic architectural work would be analyzed. The research method is logical reasoning. Therefore, initially the Islamic worldview is posed based on the transcendental philosophy as the last and most important and major Islamic philosophy evolution, this approach is a strong system with logical method and has a strong theoretical transparency in order to understand the definition of components such as ontology, anthropology, epistemology and cosmology. After explaining principles of mental structures according to proposed Islamic worldview, the manner of emergence of the architectural work by creator of the work and how it is perceived by the audience and the work relationship with reality, based on the quad and quintet causes, ultimate and in instance, nominative, substantial, formal which have been considered in the formal position of discussion. The manner of Islamic architecture as nominative cause and the advent of thought and imagination, as the ultimate and in instance cause and actuality of the mass and the space, as substantial causes in the form of the face of place as formal cause is the purpose of this research. The manner of creation and perception of the work and the manner of presence and the advent of reality in architecture are exامینed by determining nature and the manner of emotions, perceptions and cognition. The most important result of this study is to address the main mission of architecture as the creator of the cognition factor.

Augmented reality (AR) builds better participation for placemaking by focusing on real time features, communication, and direct information flow between project s takeholders. This s tudy attempts to access to specification of the Augmented Reality Sys tem for Placemaking (ARSP) model and make the research a basis for a profitable e-business model. By inves tigating AR and placemaking, this research seeks to build an augmented reality sys tem specification of the information flow and communication for project s takeholders' management. This paper explores the potential for using AR technology in interior design by three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) and façade placemaking by 2D textures of brick material. The sys tem consis ts of a qualitative proof of concept (POC) model, a prototype model, and a minimum vital product (MVP) model to s tudy to compel quantitative research. The ARSP POC model, prototype model, and MVP model are programmed by building an information modeling (BIM) sys tem, Revit and Unity software, and different software development kits (SDKs) as an application for Android devices. Seventy-four experts tes ted the MVP model in the Delphi method and observed, interviewed, and filled out a ques tionnaire. The research shows that the contributions of this s tudy to the body of knowledge are twofold. Firs t, this s tudy extends the unders tanding of AR applications in placemaking. Second, this s tudy identifies possible improvements using AR sys tems in design, procurement, and cons truction.

Banberz, Banbor, and Sabziabad neighborhoods are three residential districts on the periphery of Ilam city, and are facing a lot of problems namely social, economic, and physical, particularly in housing sector including low quality, poor housing, limited-quantity housing. In order to assess the sustainability of housing, 75 indicators and to rank districts, SPSS software (exploratory factor analysis) is used. On the basis of economic, social, educational, health, and environmental services and culture three districts (Banbarz, Banboor, Sabziabad) were selected as marginal neighborhood. Most houses, have been built away from without permission and building permits and engineering control in small scale measures. According to statistical models; most of household economic statuses are below the poverty line. According to the findings of the questionnaire, fabric and physical feature, type of building, materials applied, quality of building and density of residential units of most units out of any control and without engineering standards in small-scale piece of land, were built without a permit and building permit. Given the statistical models, the economic status of households indicate that more than 70 percent of them live below the poverty line.

Of building cultural centers in all communities and with any kind of attitude has always been one of the designers’ issues. When we use the term in ordinary daily conversation, we often think of culture as an equivalent to the “higher things of the mind”- art, literature, music and painting. According to sociologists, the concept of culture includes such activities, but also far more. Culture can be conceptually distinguished from Society, but there are very close connections between these notions. Culture concerns to the “life Style” of the members of a given Society- their habits and customs, together with the stuffs they produce. Society refers to the system of interrelationship which connects the individuals who share a common culture. No culture could exist without a society and no society could exist without culture, as well. Nature, as a sort of context for society has always been the catalyst for cultural issues. Architecture is considered as a link between man and environment around, which is a step forward to close up the society, culture and nature. By considering human attitudes to nature and the principles of sustainability, Green Architecture, helps to expand the favorite Cultural themes for designers in such cultural centers. This paper aims to assess and analyze the connection between society, culture and nature. Also, investigating this form of addressed sustainable cultural centers regarding the improvement of society in the case study of Cultural Center and Garden of Niavaran. It is prepared on the basis of library-based phase of the research, case study method and observation for its field study phase. At the end, to sum up, the findings of this study comprise the distinguishing characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of our case study and some efficient proposals have been used to achieve sustainable development.