درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

From a long time until now, one of the methods of fighting against the Holy Quran has been to spread doubts against this divine book, and in this regard, the opponents have not spared any effort. Among these doubts, the superstition of the scientific data of the Holy Quran, which has been repeatedly raised by the opponents. According to them, the root of the scientific propositions of the Quran should be sought in the superstitious and false beliefs of the past, which the Prophet (PBUH) borrowed from the past and the scientific-cultural environment of his age. In this context, recently a book entitled "Criticism of the Qur'an" written by a person named Saha was published, and in order to achieve this goal, the author has put forward the claim that some scientific material in the Holy Qur'an is derived from some superstition in order to achieve this goal. And it is old wrong. He has made great efforts to connect the scientific statements of the Quran with the scientific opinions of the ancient world and old superstitions in every possible way. The current research, which was carried out by a descriptive-analytical method with a critical orientation and based on library sources, aims to investigate this claim and criticize it, and tries to establish the relationship between the scientific propositions of the Qur'an by conducting a comprehensive research on a number of these doubts. and explain the scientific opinions of the ancient world.

In the Anti-Narcotics Law approved in 2016, the legislator has made punishment as the governing criminal policy for drug crimes by determining heavy punishments such as death. The text of the anti-narcotics law has considered "corruption in the world" and "quantitativeness" as criteria for criminalization. In this regard, the question that is raised is: On what basis are the rules of "corruption in the land" and "quantitativeness" established in the anti-narcotics law? By considering the verses and traditions, it can be understood that even if drug crimes are considered as an example of corruption in the world, in order to establish the crime of corruption, qualitative criteria such as the extent of the committed act, major damage to individuals and society, and the continuation of it, are The basic elements are introduced. While the legislator is trying to interpret and clear the ambiguity of the mentioned qualitative criteria by placing the quantity of discovered drugs as the basis. In this writing, using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on reliable Islamic sources, the conclusion has been reached that in order to determine the crime of corruption, qualitative criteria and the extent of the impact that corruption has on individuals and society are considered. Quantitative approach has no Sharia and Quranic basis and contradicts the philosophy of independent criminalization of corruption on earth, which is to eliminate the root of corruption and corruption in society and maintain social order.

The Holy Qur'an, in verses 28 and 36 of Surah Al-Hajj, commands the eating and feeding of the meat of the Sacrifice of Hajj and determines its consumers as "self", "miserable poor", "Qane’" and "Mu'tar". Through a descriptive method, this research intends to examine the translation and clarification of these concepts by three contemporary jurists and also determine and explain the jurisprudential narrations in deciding the share of Sacrifice of Hajj in the interpretations of the Holy Qur’an and examine and evaluate the appropriateness of lexical and jurisprudential concepts, dictionaries and traditions based on the meaning of the presented words by each of the respected translators<br /><br />Also, this study, using valid narrative sources, interpretations and lexical dictionaries, has tried to explain the characteristics of the three groups of consumers of the sacrifice and the way the three shares of sacrificial meat are distributed among them. Finally, the topic has been summarized and its interpretation in the exigencies based on the Qur’anic verses has been demonstrated.

Cognitive linguistics is an approach in the study of language that examines the relationship between his language and mind and his social and physical experiences. Cognitive Linguistics is one of the interdisciplinary sciences whose purpose is reflection and precision in the mechanism of the relationship between the structure and the constituent elements of a text in order to better understand the process of completing the meaning and the concept hidden in it. Herbert Paul Grice is one of the linguistic analytical philosophers that according to this point of view, has conducted detailed and extensive studies on conversations and linguistic actions and their indirect and implicit meaning in everyday language, which has become known as Grice's cooperative principle. Conversation is one of the constructive elements of every narrative text that plays a central role in transferring the meaning. Grice sees conversation as a purposeful and rational behavior and it is a type of cooperation-based interaction that has its own logic. According to his theory, every successful dialogue is based on observing the 4 principles of cooperation (quantity, quality, communication and method) and if any deviation from one or more of the four principles is based on a certain relationship and purpose, it leads to the necessity of communication and if this goal is not provided departing from these principles will lead to the failure of dialogue. Therefore, in this research, some of the conversations between Jesus and the apostles in the Holy Qur'an have been analyzed, based on the theory of Grice's rules in a descriptive and analytical method in order to answer the question of how the cooperative principle is used and violated and what effect these violations have on the meaning and purpose of speaker. The results show that the dialogues of Jesus and the apostles in the Holy Qur'an violate the 4th principle of cooperation. The 3rd principle is most evident that the words of Jesus and the apostles have the quantity of 3 times in the Holy Qur'an and 2 other principles namely the principle of communication and the principle of method have a harmonious participation in the dialogue of the apostles and Jesus.

The words of the Qur'an are wise and truths can be discovered from it with literary sciences. The question of this research is"What is the wisdom and literary teachings of swearing at night from the root "Layl" in the Holy Quran?" With a descriptive and analytical method, some of these teachings taken from literary sciences are: 1)oath to the whole, beginning, middle or end of the night and ten nights; Expressing the importance of division. 2)The verbs "Yaghshi" and "Yaser" express the gradual occurrence of night. 3)Removing the object "yaghshi" which means generalization and the object "yaghsha" land and other things. 4)"Al" gender or promise in "Al-Lail"(Fajr:4) indicates the gender of the night or a certain night. 5)The inflection of "Al-layl" to "Layal-e-Ashr" is a general over specific expression, and the inflection to "al-Fajr" is an opposite. 6)Allowing the removal of the "y" at the end of "Yasr"(Fajr:4) to express the eloquence of the speech; The permission to remove the adaf in (Shishq:17) expresses the generality. 7)Golding "Layal" expressing the greatness and designation of special nights. 8)The ratio of "Ghashi", "Saja", "Yaser" to "Al-Layl" is allowed by reason of the ratio of verb or cause to time. 9)"Sajji", "Wasaqh", "Aasas", "Yaser" are metaphors for things related to the night. 10)"Aasas" is an allusion to the end of the night. 11)contrast of night with day or night with morning; Expressing the difference between natural works or the two faces of right and wrong.

Today, hermeneutics and its related debates in the field of the Qur’an are discussed more than past. This research tries to investigate the relationship between hermeneutics and the Qur’an or the method of understanding the Qur’an in two general and special areas, and the questions that: What is the general and special understanding of the Qur’an and what are the criteria for a specific understanding of the Qur’an?<br /><br />Gathering materials in this research is in the form of a library and the method in this research is descriptive and analytical.<br /><br />After the investigations, it became clear that this is not true to consider every understanding correct in philosophical hermeneutics.<br /><br />Also, the Qur’an has levels of understanding, the types of which were mentioned in the article; moreover special understanding of the Qur’an has outward and inward manners. Performing ablution and keeping the mouth clean, etc., are outward manners, and the word of God, knowing the Qur’an, thinking about it, etc. are inward manners. Also, there are rules and criteria for a special understanding of the Qur’an, which can be considered the hermeneutics of the Qur’an.