درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The bus system in a high-speed public transportation systems are equipped with modern technology that due to accuracy, speed and flexibility have been considered as one of the improvement solutions in Tehran's public transport system. In this article the performance of BRT line three of Tehran has been evaluated based on the established standard in 2013, developed by the Institute for Development Policy and Public Transportation (ITDP) through the rankings and SWOT models. Research method of the present article is comparative and descriptive - analytical. Our results show that BRT line three in Tehran with total score 50 has the basic rank and close to bronze according to international standards. After introducing the evaluation model for BRT system and factors affecting the system, strategies to promote the quality and quantity of BRT line three have been presented.

This paper aims at studying governance and distribution of autonomies in Tehran City Islamic Council in the process of performing intra/inter-organizational functions. According to current theories on governance, there are three types of governance according to the kinde of involvement. Authority involvement, interactive involvement and persuasion involvement, in Tehran City Islamic Council in the process of forming and implementing urban regulations. On the other hand, Tehran City Islamic Council could have three kinds of autonomies to be effective: autogeny, heterogeny and discretion. Good governance model for Tehran City Islamic Council is an optimized combination of involvements and autonomies designed by polling the elites a mathematical model analysis. To study the current governance status in Tehran City Islamic Council, a questionnaire is used and the interval is estimated by single T-test. The findings indicate that in terms of involvement and autonomy, Tehran City Islamic Council has a remarkable distance from optimized governance model.

This paper sought to evaluate cultivation social and economic of Atriplex lentifomis in Golestan rangelands (case study: Chapar Quymeh and Baharmeydan). the present research is conducted in a survey, descriptive and explanatory manner (hypothesis testing) in which field and library researches were used. research population is a number of ranchers in plan region of Chapar Quymeh (93 people) and a number of ranchers in plan region of Baharmeydan (37 people), research sample size for Chapar Quymeh and Baharmeydan was estimated to be 75 and 37 stakeholders according to Krejcie and Morgan formula. Sampling was carried out in systematic random way and tools used in research include researcher made 25-item inventory with Likert scale. The results of factor analysis test and ranking social and economic indices showed that factors affecting Atriplex cultivation in Baharmeydan area are as follow: production, income and capital, entrepreneurship, social welfare, recreational value, hygiene, sense of belonging to place, institution and education respectively. As for Chapar Quymeh this prioritization is: production, income and capital, entrepreneurship, institutional, social welfare, sense of belonging to place, recreational value, hygiene and education. Using one-sample T test, it was found that the outcomes of social and economic indices affected by bush planting are positive in study areas

Investigation on modern history of urban planning in Iran shows that there are three approaches in the subject under discussion: “Modernism and Westernism”, “Traditionalism and anti-Westernism”, and “Adopt and Adapt”. Proponents of the first approach believe in encouraging methods to use the external concepts. The second, is the idea about ​​cultural and religious values, ​​thereby everything with nontraditional orientation is rejected. In the third approach the thinkers believe that if the parts of tradition are synthesized by modernity, culture and religion can adapt themselves with the development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adaptation of traditional urban design patterns of Islamic-Iranian cities in incompatible district of new Iranian cities (spontaneous settlements) and to focus on the application of the third approach in the current situation of Iranian cities. On this basis, the method of comparative analysis has been applied to survey the differences and similarities between historical districts and spontaneous settlements. Studies show that there are rather similarities among physical - spatial parameters (such as structural and environmental criteria) between the two types of districts; because both of these residential districts formed as organic structures that are unstable against unexpected risks and earthquake. However, there are the differences between these two types of districts in organized and formed periods. Despite historical districts that have been consolidated and organized during hundreds of years, spontaneous urban textures formed quickly and without any plan and planning. Meanwhile, the historical districts have usually integrated townscapes and unique materials such as clay, bricks or stone, while this character (integrated townscape and unique materials) never have been seen in the spontaneous settlements. There are similarities in economic and socio- cultural characteristics between residents in the two the types of districts. The residents living in poor economic condition, but under a very strong socio-capital and traditional beliefs; There can be seen several socio-cultural and particularly religious characteristics in people of historical residential districts that are similar with the spontaneous residential places, such as “strong relationship among families, friends”, “hospitality”, “mutual relationship among family members”, strong religious beliefs and the needs for privacy and security. However, these communities are different in some principles such as quality of life and spatial and physical qualities especially in favorable and beautiful urban landscapes. So it can be extracted and adopted excellent principles from traditional and historical districts and adapt them to the inappropriate modern urban districts. With regard to the existence of these similarities, we explain applicable principles of the spatial characteristics and designing quality in the historical district of Yazd to apply in Baghshater District in Tehran as a spontaneous settlement. Findings show that we can use several solutions to reconstruct this zone included: 1) land readjustment as the suitable solution in Baghshater District with regard to the familial residential pattern in historical zone of Yazd such as Fahadan District. 2) Focusing on the traditional concept of mutual relationship in residential houses. 3) Emphasizing on the hierarchy of The entrances and exits of the residential units.

This study aimed to identify and test expectancy motivational model as a theoretical framework to explain the reasons motivating expected information consumer’s behavior for the selection and use of document delivery services of Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz. In this study, explanatory survey method was used. In order to test the hypotheses and analysis of model’s data, covariance structural equation model-driven approach was used by Amos software version 23. Findings of analytical study shows that information consumers motivational model focusing on the three paths of expectancy, instrumentality and valence, and on the basis of the VIE model, is able to explain information consumers’ behavior in the document delivery services of Shahid Chamran University; therefore, the VIE model in this study was confirmed. Also according to the proposed table (Newstrom & Davis, 1968), motivation level of information consumers in their behavioral motivation to use document delivery services of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz was predicted to be average.

With emergence of urbanism, complication of urban community system, and occurrence of urban problems, a new paradigm of urban management was introduced that adopted new methods to involve citizens in policy making, planning, and supervision and direction of urban life. Therefore, the main element in managerial methods is involving citizens in urban life. Among the ways to make urban residents into real citizens is training an informing them. What everyday life suggests is everydayness. Everyday life is the very everyday life that is spent on repeated and everydayness activities such as work, rest, commutation, shopping, which all are boring and follow a predictable procedure. Urban spaces inevitably are background of large part of citizen’s everyday life, and therefore, undoubtedly interact with it, which means they both influence and are influenced by the individuals’ everyday life. This paper aims to collect and analyze literature on such interaction. Relation between urban space and everyday life has different aspects. However, they are placed between two contrasting ends, and tend towards one of them: everydayness and daily life; the latter of which suggests creativity, vividness and efflorescence of everyday life. Such life leads to lived experienced and creative moments for an individual, contributing to his/her balanced development. Such life, in the first place, realizes in a space which has individuals actively involved in its production and protection; and formation of such space has not been formed to impose dominant system’s values and rules on individuals. It is only in such space that physical and social dimensions of space are aligned, and spontaneity and efflorescence of urban life realize. It is in such space that diversity and individual differences are maintained at the same as keeping social sustainability. In other words, it is in such space that one can attain the right of being: one can live irrespective of his/her economic status, sex, education level, etc. In such space, individuals’ human rights in terms of access to urban requirements are observed and are subject to justice; people have the right to choose between proactive involvement in collection actions, and interactions, and retirement and relaxing from burden of urban life; collective memoirs of city are formed, and in addition to “form”, the space will acquire a “structure”, which remains in the people’s mind as a common thing. Memoirs that are embodied again as they are recollected, and as Agness Heller’s said, are reviewed in quiet and peace. Such review sets human mind free of sinews of everydayness, and directs towards criticism of the surrounding world. This paper was conducted using description-analytic method. Data collection was carried out using library (documentary) and field methods. This paper tries to study challenges and consequences of training of citizenship and relationship between urban space and everyday life.