درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Projects are affected by many internal and external factors. Such factors could be initiated domestically or internationally. The South Pars is a mega gas field in Iran which requires billions of dollars for development and gas extraction. Its development has taken a rather long time and gone through many challenges over the last two decades; due to several challenges, especially international barriers.In this research, the effects of sanctions on the expenditurs ofselected activities in developing of pars field between internal and foreign contractors is investigated. The main purpose of this research is to calculate the cost of selected activities of South Pars phases and compare the performance of internal contractors in sanctions conditions with foreign contractors in non-sanctions conditions.For this purpose, 18 activities which were similar in all of South Pars contracts,were selected.In these three sections, after applying relative indexes,global inflation, and technology by using inferential statistics, the total cost were considered among internal and foreign contractors. Based on the statistical analysis,there was no significant difference between the expenditures of selected activities performed by internal contractors and foreign contractors Under sanctions.

The purpose of this study is to level the optimal analytical topics for evaluating the cost of petrochemical stock in the capital market. In this study, which was synthetic and inductive-deductive in terms of data collection method, 12 accounting and financial management specialists at the university level participated as panel members in the quality department. In fact, in the qualitative part, which used meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis, the aim was to identify the optimal analytical themes for the valuation of cost-effective stocks and then, in a small section with the participation of 16 petrochemical brokers, to classify the identified statements in the form of a total interpretive structural modelling based on impact priority. Therefore, relying on meta-synthesis analysis, 12 studies were first evaluated as the basis for evaluation to determine the optimal analytical themes of cost-based stock valuation based on critical evaluation, based on which 11 themes were selected propositions and entered into Delphi analysis to determine theoretical adequacy. In this stage, 3 propositions were removed during the two stages of Delphi analysis and a total of 8 analytical propositions of stock valuation were economically entered into the quantitative analysis section, ie total interpretive structural analysis. In this section, the results show the most influential analytical themes of cost-effective stock valuation in the petrochemical industry, two statements of normal stock market price analysis based on the current rated price of "K2" and a focus on the net asset value is "K3", which is at the fourth level of this model.

Today, management requires a new approach in the areas of production planning and operations process with a cost management approach. Organizations and industrial units to lead their lives, by recognizing the impact points of the challenges ahead and positive impact, guide and lead them to advance the goals of the organization. Economic dispatching with particle swarm optimization algorithm approach is an approach in the field of industrial units. Dispatching tries to determine the share of production capacity in a way that optimizes the overall performance of the system economically and improve system performance, including: production and process planning, supply and demand balance, cost management, productivity growth, optimal allocation of resources according to the capacity of tanks, formulation of production and operational strategies, the impact on the strategic vision document. In this research, an attempt has been made to perform economic dispatching with the approach of particle swarm optimization algorithm with hypothetical information to measure the feasibility of implementation and its impact on the overall performance of the system and production process and operations.

Economic sanctions imposed on Heterogeneousstates have played an important role as a tool of pressure in recent decades. Considering that most non-conforming states with the US are important players on the energy market, a large part of this country’s sanctions policy has been focused on the energy sector. With the evolution of the US shale oil industry, using energy as a tool of sanctions against target countries has received increasing attention by US presidents in recent years. The US is using the geopolitical shift as an international strategy to compete with other powers in the energy sector such as Iran, Venezuela, and Russia. The US aims to use its energy embargo policy to curtail the influence of these players on the energy market and prevent their anti-American policies by fermenting economic crises within these countries. The question arises as to the extent of the effectiveness and sustainability of this US foreign policy strategy in a transitional international order. The article hypothesis is that due to inefficient unconventional resources in terms of market crisis, the rise of counter-hegemonic coalitions, and geopolitical tensions in regions such as the Middle East, one cannot be too optimistic about the sustainability of this situation. The authors of the article will endeavor to explain the above hypothesis within the framework of the hegemony theory and by using the trend-analysis technique, while addressing the driving forces.

This paper aims to show the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on Iran’s economy. It uses nonlinear time series models to investigate the asymmetric effect of oil shocks on resource allocation in Iran’s economy. The results show that adverse oil shocks have been more persistent during the last decades and severely negatively affect resource allocation in Iran’s economy. Different oil shocks have different implications for importing and exporting countries, and the rigidity of state fiscal systems in exporting countries causes adverse oil shocks to be more persistent. The oil economy’s response to positive and negative oil shocks depends on the structure of the economy. The government budget and trade balance have significant implications for the effects of oil shocks on oil-exporting economies. The government budget is highly dependent on oil revenues, so in the case of adverse oil shocks, the pass-through exchange rate will cause high inflation because of foreign exchange shortage and overshoot in the exchange rate. 

Companies need to exactly manage their assets to balance performance, risk, and cost. The ability of an equipment to provide a certain level of performance is influenced by its design, utilization, deterioration, and its life. On the other hand, in order to obtain the desired level of performance and reduce risk, proper planning of maintenance activities during the period must be done. To manage this issue, organizations must develop a suitable method for their assets from the acquisition stage to the disposal to obtain the required processes and, ultimately, to earn the desired profit. In this study, considering Pipe line as a case study and identifying the LCC, risks and three indicators includes of reliability, availability and maintainability as KPIs. They were weighted by using the opinions of eight expert and DANP method. The final weights of LCC, risk and KPI Respectively are: 0.269, 0.301 and 0.429. Considering different strategies in each phase of the asset life cycle, different scenarios described for the equipment life cycle as follows: 1)Buy- RCM- Replacement 2)Buy- RCM- Overhaul 3)Buy- CBM- Replacement 4)Buy- CBM- Overhaul 5)Buy- TPM- Replacement 6)Buy- TPM- Overhaul. Finally, based on the gained expert’s viewpoint from questionnaire and MOORA technique to rank the scenarios the desired scenario (Buy- TPM- Replacement) was selected.

Understanding of the interplay between IP rights and competition law in the context of technology transfer in the Iranian oil industry is a point that is discussed in this article. While intellectual property rights enjoy a historic record and appropriate rules in this regard, the competition rights in Iran are taking their initial steps. This imbalance stems from the root of the formation of the legal system of oil in Iran based on contractual frameworks over time. The point to be made in this article is that technology transfer can be expected to take place when the type and purpose of technology transfer have already been defined by legal organizations in relation to the relevant industries. Also, the general targeting in the upstream laws alone cannot meet the legal requirements for the transfer of appropriate technology. Therefore, when even one of the mentioned factors does not exist, one cannot expect constructive interaction in the above-mentioned legal systems.

By intensifying sanctions against Islamic Republic of Iran, identification and development of mechanisms to sell crude oil has gained attention among most experts and oil industry activists. Limitations for financial transactions and settlements are one of the fundamental challenges in international oil transactions; thus, various solutions are proposed to solve the limitation. Using capability of virtual currencies is one of the proposed suggestions for petroleum transaction under sanctions but there is a research gap in finding whether and which one of these currencies are able to be used in petroleum transactions in present condition. In this study, performed by analysis and quantitative approach, indices are introduced for choosing a valid currency for international transactions, and subsequently are confirmed by experts. The indices are ranked by the experts through TOPSIS method and are studied on the most suitable virtual currencies to find the best suit for petroleum transactions. The results reveal that Bitcoin, Ethereum and Tether are respectively the best, second and third choice for this end. It is noteworthy that some experts might believe the virtual currency market size may not meet the high volume of crude oil transactions, making it unsuitable. Although current study has shown that there would be no problem in covering the whole petroleum market for Iran’s crude oil by virtual currencies platform, if the concerns remain, virtual currency platform could be used for selling Iran’s crude oil temporarily and partially through various channels.

The organizational capital is one of the important components of the intellectual capital. the organizational capital is an infrastructure in term of organizational successes so that it plays a vital role in achieving the goals of organization. Managing and directing “Organizational Capital” entails identification and measurement of its attributes. Although the literature on the intellectual capital is rich, the review shows that few researches have studied the organizational capital models and the related attributes. Hence, at first, this study aims to collect the organizational capital attributes through reviewing the literature and classify them as a comprehensive model. Then, a Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) approach in uncertanity situation has been utilized in order to prioritize and rank the classified attributes by gathering the opinions of experts. In this study, the Grey systems theory has been used for the first time as a method to deal with uncertainty inherent in the in the organizational capital measurement. Whereas the presented comprehensive model can be applied in different situations and industries, it seems that this model may have different attribute weights with regard to the nature of organizations’ activity and internal and external conditions of the specified industry. Finally, the proposed methodology has been utilized in the petroleum industry in Iran and prioritization procedure and ranking results have been illustrated step by step.