بررسی تطبیقی گفتمان سیاست خارجی دولت روحانی و دولت احمدی نژاد (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
با فهم نظام و ساختار معنایی دولت ها، می توان به تحلیل، بررسی و حتی پیش بینی رفتار و سیاست خارجی آنان پرداخت. در پژوهش حاضر سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در دوره های دولت یازدهم و دوازدهم بر مبنای تحلیل گفتمان اعتدال و در مقایسه ای با گفتمان عدالت محور دولت احمدی نژاد مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. به طور کل با به قدرت رسیدن حسن روحانی، شاهد حضور گفتمانی جدید بر ساختار معنایی دولت هستیم. بر این اساس این پرسش مطرح می شود که تغییر گفتمان عدالت محور دولت احمدی نژاد به گفتمان اعتدال روحانی، چه تاثیری بر سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران داشته است و در پی کسب چه اهدافی است؟ یافته های پژوهش حاضر که برای پیشبرد مباحث خویش از روش ترکیبیِ توصیفی- تحلیلی بهره گرفته است، حاکی از آن است که سیاست جمهوری اسلامی ایران بر اساس گفتمان اعتدال، رویکرد مبتنی بر تعامل گرایی موثر و سازنده را در راستای بهبود و گسترش روابط با کشورهای منطقه و نظام بین الملل موجب گردیده است و رفتار مبتنی بر تعامل و تفاهم را جایگزین رفتار مبتنی بر تقابل و تهاجم کرده است.Comparative Study of Foreign Policy Discourses; Rouhani's Administration and Ahmadinejad's Administration
Extended IntroductionBy understanding the structure of the states, it is highly likely to analyze, examine and even it is possible to predict the behavior and direction of their foreign policies. The present paper will shed light on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during both terms of Hassan Rouhani’s administrations. Theoretically, the article has been based upon the Discourse Analysis. Generally, as Hassan Rouhani came to power, a new political discourse had taken shape in Iran since 2013. With this said, the main question of the article is this, “what are the implications and objects of the transition from the Justice-oriented discourse of Ahmadinejad’s administration to the Moderation discourse of Rouhani for the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy?” The findings of the article illustrate that the moderate standpoint of the president Rouhani’s administrations had resulted in following a constructive and effective interaction with the regional and trans-regional countries which was in fact a goal to improve and enhance the relations of the country with others. The article uses a descriptive-analytic mixed method in order to examine the hypothesis that has been fabricated to answer the question. Furthermore, it had also resulted in a replacement in the country’s point of view which had been based on the relations that emphasized on interaction and understanding against the opposition and offensive relations. MethodologyThis research method is descriptive-analytic, and the data gathering procedure is based on library findings. In order to diversify the research literature, this article employs a variety of literature and data in Persian and English. Results and DiscussionThe structure and semantic structure of a state has always played an important role in its foreign policy. Rouhani's administrations behavior and foreign policy can be researched considering the discourse of moderation and its fundamental differences with the discourse of Ahmadinejad's administration. The justice-centered discourse with the central sign of justice tried to revive the role of justice in global developments and by challenging the (in his opinion) unfair practices of the international system, help the process of balancing right and wrong in the field of international politics. Therefore, by emphasizing and knowing the right of his religious and revolutionary beliefs, he brings an aggressive and confrontational approach to the field of foreign policy for the Islamic Republic. The result of such a system of meaning for Iran in the field of foreign policy is a return to revolutionary principles in foreign policy, referring the Iranian nuclear case to the Security Council and issuing multiple resolutions and sanctioning Iran, enmity with the United States and the Zionist regime, supporting the freedom movement and activities. The section looks to the East to replace the West, looking south-south to form a new anti-imperialist front on the one hand and close to the private life of America on the other.On the other hand, Hassan Rouhani came to power with the promise of improving foreign relations through effective and constructive interaction with the international system. The system and structure of the meaning of his government was based on the substantive meaning of his words, speech and language, the discourse of moderation. A discourse that, based on its central sign, tries to establish a kind of balance between idealism and realism. The fundamental elements of moderation discourse based on; There are rationalism, realism, evolutionism, interactionism, justiceism, perfectionism, multilateralism, developmentism, securityism, dignityism and pacifism. Based on this, the foreign policy principles of this adminstration are explained and designed based on the effective and constructive interaction with the international system, de-escalation and the cost-benefit approach, and the result of this in the field of foreign policy for the Islamic Republic is the improvement and expansion of relations with the countries of the region and It is an international system. ConclusionsBased on its semantic structure and system, moderation discourse has paid attention to the effective and thorough interaction with the regional and global system as the fundamental principles of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic during the Hassan Rouhani period. One of the approaches of such a belief is the withdrawal of Iran's case from the Security Council through the resolution of the nuclear issue by implementing the JCPOA agreement, the international system's trust in the Islamic Republic as a wise back player, and also the improvement and expansion of Iran's relations with the countries of the region and the Islamic Republic. International pointed out.In this research, assuming the effect of the semantic system on the formulation and operationalization of actors' behavior, we tried to analyze the discourse of the Ahmadinejad and Rouhani administrations, and then pointed out how the discourse of moderation affects the foreign policy of Hassan Rouhani's administration. Based on what was mentioned, the behavior of the Rouhani government is based on the central sign of the discourse of moderation, which is to establish a balance between the foreign policy goals in the field of Islamic interests and national interests on the one hand, and a balance between the foreign policy goals and tools between the elements of national power in the development of foreign relations. And the structure of foreign policy, we will expand and improve the relations of the Islamic Republic with the countries of the region and the international system.
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