تحلیل و واکاوی مانایی ساختار نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
حکومتی پویا و پایدار خواهد بود که با تغییرات ساختاری، خود را با شرایط دایما در حال تغییر سازگار نماید و ضمن حفظ هویت و بقاء بتواند به سوی اهداف حرکت کند. متن قانون اساسی پاسخگوی نیازهای مقطعی جوامع سیاسی است و از آن جا که نیازها و مقتضیات همراه با پویایی ها و تحولات جامعه دگرگون می شوند، قانون اساسی نیز باید با پذیرش اصلاح و تغییر در جهت هماهنگی با شرایط نوین حرکت کند. لذا قبل از هر اقدامی در این زمینه می بایست وضعیت ساختار فعلی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. هدف ما در این مقاله بررسی مانایی ساختار حکومتی نهفته در قانون اساسی کشور از منظر سیستمی و پایداری و با استفاده از روشی علمی و کاربردی بوده است که به دنبال آن با بکارگیری چارچوب مدل سیستم های مانا و روش سه مرحله ای جکسون عناصر ساختاری حکومت، وظایف و روابط میان آنها شناسایی و سپس نسبت به عارضه یابی ساختار حکومتی قانون اساسی اقدام شد. پس از بررسی و عارضه یابی صورت گرفته بر روی ساختار اکتشافی، این ساختار تا حد زیادی مانا تشخیص داده شد و همینطور خطاهای پرتکرار در سیستم های مانا بر روی آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هدف ما در این مقاله بررسی مانایی ساختار حکومتی نهفته در قانون اساسی کشور از منظر سیستمی و پایداری و با استفاده از روشی علمی و کاربردی بوده است که به دنبال آن با بکارگیری چارچوب مدل سیستم های مانا و روش سه مرحله ای جکسون عناصر ساختاری حکومت، وظایف و روابط میان آنها شناسایی و سپس نسبت به عارضه یابی ساختار حکومتی قانون اساسی اقدام شد. پس از بررسی و عارضه یابی صورت گرفته بر روی ساختار اکتشافی، این ساختار تا حد زیادی مانا تشخیص داده شد و همینطور خطاهای پرتکرار در سیستم های مانا بر روی آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.Nalyzing the Viability of the Structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Extended It will be a dynamic and sustainable government that, with structural changes, adapts itself to constantly changing conditions and, while maintaining its identity and survival, can move towards its goals. The text of the constitution responds to the cross-cutting needs of political societies. Since the needs and requirements change with the dynamics and developments of society, the constitution must move to adapt to the new conditions by accepting amendments. Therefore, before taking any action in this regard, the status of the current structure should be examined. Our aim in this article is to study the significance of the governmental structure hidden in the constitution of the country from a systemic and sustainable perspective and using a scientific and practical method. The relationship between them was identified and then the constitutional structure of government was examined. After examining and diagnosing complications on the exploratory structure, this structure was largely diagnosed as viable, as well as frequent errors in viable systems on it. Introduction Structures [including the structure of the constitution and governments] are derived from human thought and their efficiency in the extent to which they succeed in meeting needs, which, of course, is based on success in practical matters. Structures are influenced by values as well as culture and environmental conditions, so it seems that a successful structure is a structure appropriate to values, worldviews, ends, culture and environmental and indigenous conditions. Therefore, the basis is that the structure as a human credit must be forged in order to achieve the desired nature and end that it wants to achieve . Our aim in this article is to first show the governmental structure in the constitution of the country and then to examine this structure from a systemic perspective and using a scientific, practical and systematic method, i.e. the model of the viable system. Then we seek to answer the question whether the current structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran is viable? Case study The case study in this article is the government structure existing in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and then examining this structure from a systemic perspective using a scientific, practical and systemic method, namely the viable systems model. Materials and Methods Since the viable systems model provides a tool to design the current structure of the systems or a new structure, the viable systems model was used in this research with the aim of identifying the government structure and also finding the complications of this structure. In this process, by using the three-step method proposed by Jackson (2003) and studying and reviewing the text of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, institutions related to the government are identified, and then the tasks and relationships between them are listed with model tables and checklists. In the next step, the government structure was extracted from the constitution and we drew the model of the government system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the last step, using the checklist of frequent errors in viable systems models, the drawing structure was examined and diagnosed. Discussion and Results The components identified for system number 1 are: the executive branch, the judicial branch, and the leadership, which are considered for them in order from the highest to the lowest amount of work at this level (operational system). At the level of internal management of the system, system number 3 consists of four leadership institutions, the parliament, the presidency, and the head of the judiciary, and each of these institutions, except for the presidency, has appropriate control and monitoring tools (system *3); Of course, in the case of system number 2 (coordination system), in contrast to system number 3, there are no corresponding institutions in the law, although institutions for coordination between the components of system 1 and at a lower return level are embedded, from which the Minister of Justice can be directed to coordinate between the authorities. The Executive and Judiciary or the Broadcasting Supervisory Council pointed out that coordination at the level of System 3 is only under the responsibility of the Supreme Leader and to some extent the Guardian Council and Expediency Recognition Council (in the conflict resolution aspect) and other institutions of System 3 are without they are coordination tools. Regarding system number 4, which has functions such as adaptation, intelligence, and strategy, and it is referred to as the future and outside, the structure of the constitution in the discussion of the existence of an institution for this matter has several institutions; In addition, in terms of content and performance, it needs operational review. The duties of this system have been entrusted to the leadership, the Expediency Council and the Islamic Council. Also, regarding system number 5, it has been seen in the constitution of the two leadership institutions and the assembly of leadership experts that supervises the relationship between systems 3 and 4 and has ultimate authority. Conclusion Based on the investigations carried out in this research, the government structure in the country's constitution is somewhat consistent with the structure of viable systems and all the 5 components are present in it; Although in some sub-systems, especially system number 2, appropriate tools and institutions have not been seen; Also, some subsystems do not have proper and defined authority according to the level they are in. On the other hand, some constitutional institutions have different functions at several levels that may cause functional disorder, which also requires practical investigation in other researches. On the other hand, the components of system 1 have proper independence based on the text of the constitution, which is a very important issue for the integrity of the entire system, although their current functions and current independence were not within the scope of this research and are proposed as a suggestion for future research. A system for viability requires all five functions introduced in the model. In addition to these five subsystems that have been reviewed so far, the interaction pattern of each system must be exactly as described in the model, which is a very important issue in the review of each system and here is the government structure of the country's constitution. Examining the information flows and communication channels within the system - between different levels of the system and its institutions - and extra-system - between the system and the environment - the governmental structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran cannot be extracted by examining the structure of the country's constitution, and requires the examination of other current laws and regulations of the country and Also, the current status of its main institutions is in practice.
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