language

Al-Farabi has discussed language in his philosophical discussions, albeit here and there. His discussions are especially about syntax and logic. Most existing studies have dealt only with the connection between this syntax and logic, and with the conventionality or naturalness of language in al-Farabi’s thought. The question of this article is what are the political implications of al-Farabi's discussions on language? The results of the study, based on the method of content analysis of al-Farabi’s works, indicate that Farabi specifically related the logic and logical crafts to his political thought; In such a way he expects the realization of the virtuous city on the basis of demonstration (Alborhan); And explains the existence of non-virtuous cities with crafts such as rhetoric, dialectic, poetry and sophistry. In other words, it is the expression which forms the city. These findings help us to analyze al-Farabi's thought in our own time and ask ourselves what does al-Farabi's thought has for us? By trying to come closer to the answer of this question I conclude the article with this claim that al-Farabi's idea of non-virtuous cities is relevant to us today. What remains is our retainment.

The final goal of this research is to investigate the design of Qajar women's clothing in different periods. In the first step, the question arises whether the cover can be a language. Then this research seeks an answer to the question of what messages in the form of language mean. Therefore, in the current research, the above issue has been analyzed by a case study of Qajar women's clothing and using a descriptive-analytical qualitative research method. Findings: This study shows that the clothing of Qajar women can be considered a single language of signs. In deciphering this language, concepts such as women's attention to religious foundations, gender inequality, and patriarchal view in society, the value of wearing Iran's old traditions, as well as the desire to move towards westernization and fashionism of Europeans can be inferred. The results of this research show the importance of the role, color, code, sign, symbol, and finally language in the field of women's clothing in the Qajar period.  

The contemporary world observes an increasing leaning from the thinkers in various intellectual and cultural spheres towards an approach to reality, interpreting reality as something in relationship to human beings and his goals and purposes, not independent of them. Richard Rorty is among the adherents of such a thought. The present article uses an analytical-critical method to show how Rorty has defended this view and to evaluate his view. According to the present study, it is clarified that Rorty adduces the features he considers for language to negate the possibility of accessing pure and naked reality; thus, he considers the available reality as made by ourselves in cooperation with others, which has a quite lingual structure. In my view, however, despite the fact that believing in lingual structure of reality places us in a better situation for defending concepts such as activity, freedom, self-consciousness, ownership, thinking and genuine life, Rorty’s emphasis on solidarity, instead of objectivity and truth, entails a dominion of culture over the rational sciences. Consequently, we observe a leaning towards the principality of ‘will’ (including both individual and social) according to which, philosophy turns into something a posteriori and relied on will.

Human language and power of speech are not the only means of his communication with others, but a high percentage of his messages are transmitted to others willingly or unwillingly with other parts of the body and through his physical movements and behaviors, which is called body language. The messages sent by body language are much more expressive and expressive than the messages that are transmitted through speech. Imam Khamenei (Madazla-ul-Ali) has proven during his leadership and in various scenes recorded by him that he is very skilled and capable in using body language. On the other hand, one of the foundations of personality psychology is that people's movements and behavior are subject to their personality. Therefore, this research seeks to introduce the scientific and Quranic personality of the Supreme Leader, using library sources and descriptive and analytical methods to analyze the origins and Quranic foundations of Imam Khamenei's different body language in meeting with the people and leaders of some countries to pay The findings of this research indicate that the origin of his humble and kind body language in front of the people, especially the families of the martyrs, as well as his authoritative and seemingly arrogant body language, in meeting with some heads of government, are both humanizing and sublime commands of the Holy Quran. Is.

Hans-Georg Gadamer, in his work Truth and Method, raises a controversial and thought-provoking argument regarding language and its relation to Being. He states that “Being that can be understood is language.” Despite his subsequent efforts in some works following Truth and Method to elucidate what he considers to be self-evident in the meaning of this expression, various interpreters have continued to derive various interpretations from it. Some have focused on its ontological dimension within Heideggerian context, while others have emphasized its epistemological aspect within the Kantian tradition. In this paper, we aim to clarify the meaning of the Gadamer’s expression and explore the grounds and reasons for the emergence of conflicting interpretations, while also referencing such interpretations and relying on a descriptive-analytical approach based on Gadamer’s relevant texts. Overall, it seems that the ambiguity in Gadamer’s position regarding language and its relation to being boils down to the fact that he seeks to reconcile Heidegger’s phenomenological perspective with his own philosophical hermeneutics. Thus, Gadamer sometimes emphasizes on the being itself and sometimes on our linguistic understanding of being.

This bibliometric analysis explores the integration of semiotics within educational contexts, highlighting a transformative shift towards multifaceted understandings of knowledge construction through language, multimodality, and educational transformation. Drawing on 1823 publications from the Web of Science database, this study employs both co-citation and co-word analysis to reveal prevalent themes and keywords in the field of semiotics in education. The co-citation analysis highlights the evolution of semiotic theories and their application in educational practices, from foundational concepts introduced by pioneers such as Saussure and Peirce to modern interpretations that consider the impact of digital technologies on semiotic resources. Co-word analysis, on the other hand, uncovers key research topics such as multimodality, multiliteracies, and the role of technology in mediating semiotic learning processes. This investigation is novel in its comprehensive approach to mapping the semiotic landscape in education through bibliometric methods, offering insights into how semiotic theories shape educational practices and outcomes, especially in language teaching and learning. By synthesizing findings from diverse research clusters, this study emphasizes the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary approach to understand the dynamic interaction between semiotics, technology, and learning. It contributes to advancing educational research by highlighting the transformative potential of semiotics in crafting more engaging, inclusive, and effective learning environments in the digital era.