Management

This paper intends to give acquaintance of the Holy Quran perspectives on it rules. Customs plus societies are the points of focus in the paper with the aim of discovering their ideology of management. According to Muslims, natural belief, happiness and sorrow are to be the most important feelings in individuals and they must be experienced; hence, they need to be moderately managed. The Holy Quran provides various methods for managing human feelings. Muslims universally have a belief that the Quran is their ultimate source of knowledge. Muslims learn from the epistemology of the Quran how awareness is analyzed and managed. According to Islamic management, Islam not only covers the private life of individuals but also guides daily human activities (Fábos & Isotalo, 2014).

Moral intelligence is one of the most important factors that can increase effectiveness and efficiency, the two important factors that every organization wants to survive in a chaotic market and should concentrate more on them. In general, when researchers want to promote moral intelligence they study its effects on other related issues like educational effectiveness. This paper investigates moral intelligence and effectiveness in education.

This paper tries to systematically survey, with taking theoretical view on geomorphic basin and its changes into account. The purpose of this research is to determine the balance and stability of geomorphic basins from the past to present and then to future. Consequently, it tries to determine the balance between energy and input-output materials for example (rainfall , solar radiation, tectonics and neotectonics …) to the basin based cybernetics (including geomorphic, topographic and geological state) and also to calculate energy and material balance considering positive and negative entropy at basin level. Based on the findings, which is the outcome of cybernetic resultant between form and process in basin, we can determine stability and type of balance in the basin. In this paper, emphasis has been put only on rainfall (express of the energy exponent). However, it first discusses Kor Basin Geomorphic locations and Energy-Material Entropy on its surface and then Quantity form of energy (Isolated & Potential Energy). Considering geomorphic state of the basin, we can determine the best planning method from all systems (planning, risk management and crisis management) for basin that neither requires a great cost nor causes disturbance in stability and geomorphic balance while being the optimal process. In Kor geo planning, we are encountering and determining two dimentions: (Y dimension, for geomorphic change for example throughput topogeraphy geradient formations on Kor Basin and X dimension, for rainfall discharge range on Kor Basin rivers out let only and only on fiat paper surface), but in Kor geo management, we represent at least three – dimensional ordered, for example topogeraphy gradient for Y coordinate and rivers discharge quantity for X coordinate and absolution geography location (for space point Z coordinate). Consequently, Kor River Basin can be studied based on two scientific metod : I . Planning & II , Management .

Background: Decision-making strategies of managers can modify the behavior of an organization’s personnel in a direction that is desired by the organization and cause their goals to be realized more quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate decision-making strategies in Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. The present article seeks to predict decision-making strategies of managers with regard to professional ethics. Method: The present study adopts a descriptive-correlational approach. Statistical population in this study includes managers of faculties of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, of which 86 managers were selected as the sample, using stratified random sampling method. To gather data, two standard questionnaires: ‘decision-making strategy’ and ‘professional ethics’ were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software and structural equation model method. Results: The findings showed that professional ethics is significantly predicted by decision-making strategies of managers. Moreover, the results specifically indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between dimensions of professional ethics (individualistic ethics, task oriented ethics, and legal ethics) and decision-making strategies of managers. Conclusion: Observing professional ethics is necessary to realize organizational goals of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Furthermore, decision-making strategies of organization managers can direct organizational behavior and performance towards more congruence with the organizational goals. Thus, observing professional ethics can lead managers of faculties of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch to enhance their decision-making strategies to realize the goals of the university.

Background: Nowadays, one of the aspects of power and distinction of organizations is the enjoyment of desirable organizational culture. The organizational culture of each complex is the full representation of the organization, which shows the inner and outer face of the commitment of the employees to principles of ethics. Professional ethic is related to values and norms and is one of the most important issues that have been considered in different areas of the modern world. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to predict professional ethics with respect to organizational culture. Method: The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consists of 230 people who are the employees of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch and the sample size was determined 103 people using Cochran formula with 95% confidence level and a Stratified Random Sampling method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using Smart PLS and SPSS structural equation modeling. Results: Findings of the research indicate that the components of perceived organizational culture have a significant effect on the dimensions of professional ethic including accountability, honesty, justice, fairness, loyalty, respect for others, competition, sympathy, respect for values. Also, based on the multiple regression analysis, components of organizational culture predict all dimensions of employee ethic and finally, it can be concluded that the professional ethic of the employees are at a favorable level. Conclusion: The results of the present research illustrate that the components of organizational culture predict the dimensions of professional ethics of the employees.

Background: Organizational culture is the social identity of any organization. Professional ethics can be an effective indicator and an important motivational tool in the organizations to create excellence, sustainable development, and desirable competition, reduce conflicts, increase commitment and social responsibility and pave the path for having a desired organizational culture. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of professional ethics on organizational culture. Method: The present applied research uses descriptive-survey method and the correlation approach. The statistical population of this study is 5000 employees from Mashhad Municipality and based on Morganchr('39')s table, 357 employees were selected as the sample size by stratified random sampling. The data collection instruments of the present study are questionnaires of organizational culture and professional ethics and their validity was of the content type approved by the experts. To test the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient test was used. In order to analyze the data, inferential analysis methods of nonlinear regression test using SPSS and structural model method using LISREL were used. Results: The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the independent variable of professional ethics and the dependent variable of organizational culture. Conclusion: The results indicate that the growth of the organization as a planned process is equal to the transformation of organizational culture and professional ethics and attention to ethical indicators as a tool affecting organizational culture create a strategic advantage in identifying and creating new opportunities and achieving organizational goals.

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between smart talent management and meritocracy in order to provide the expressive characteristics of the selection, appointment and maintenance of managers. Methodology: The research method is descriptive survey and the required information has been collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity has been determined from the available resources and through expert opinion and its reliability has been determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (.882). The statistical population of the present study includes the associate professor faculty members and higher rankings and staffs having MA and higher degrees, i.e. a total of 1,200 people. Sampling method is stratified random sampling through which 291 people are selected as the statistical sample. Findings: Findings of exploratory factor analysis show that strategy, attraction, evaluation and discovery of talents are the main components of talent management, and organizational learning, knowledge expansion and sharing are the main components of knowledge management. Among the 13 dimensions of talent management, the development of talent with a standard coefficient (.90) and preservation of talent with a standard coefficient (.88) are the most effective ones, respectively. Discussion: Among the 13 dimensions of knowledge management, expansion and sharing with a standard coefficient (.95) and organizational learning with a standard coefficient (.88) are the most effective ones, respectively. Also, confirmatory factor analysis confirms the relationship between smart talent and meritocracy with a standard coefficient (1.06), and test statistics has evaluated the severity (correlation coefficient) of this relationship (.299).

Purpose: The present study was designed and validated the Entrepreneurial Skills Model in Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. Methodology: The research method was purpose-based, applied-fundamental; in terms of data type, mixed (qualitative-quantitative), of exploratory type; it was survey-based on data collection method. Statistical population in the qualitative section was academic and industrial experts including senior managers of Sazeh Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the study included all employees of Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company. Using Cochran formula, 309 persons were selected using multi-stage sampling. In this research, library method, semi-structured interview (qualitative section) and researcher-made questionnaire (quantitative section) were used for data collection. Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data of the research and in the quantitative part descriptive and inferential statistical methods (structural equation modeling, exploratory factor analysis and single sample t-test) were used. Findings: The findings showed that entrepreneurial skills include technical, managerial, interpersonal, interpersonal, applied and critical thinking skills. The model presented in the present study was also well-fitted. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it can be acknowledged that in order to acquire entrepreneurial skills in Saze Gostar Saipa Industrial Company, it is necessary to pay attention to the technical, communication and thinking skills of the employees and to train them.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and rank the dimensions and components of the pre-school and post-secondary model of academic participation in Karaj Secondary Schools. Methodology: The research method was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection method, it was a consecutive exploratory mix. The statistical population of this research was in the quantitative section, high school teachers in Karaj in the academic year 2017-18 which included 786 educational units and 17732 teachers. In order to execute the questionnaires, stratified random sampling method was used and a sample of 376 teachers was selected. In the qualitative section, the researcher collected qualitative data through a qualitative interview with 21 experts, in which the reliability of the collection was 77.6% by another researcher. The results of this section indicated that in the components of academic participation antecedents, classroom management components, educational leadership, instructional strategies, organizational climate, and physical environment, and in the outcomes section, learning ability, academic motivation, and academic self-efficacy and academic achievement. Were extracted. Findings: The results showed that among the antecedents of academic participation, education management had the highest standard coefficient (0.98) and the lowest standard coefficient among these variables was 0.76 for education and culture strategies. In other words, educational management explained 96% of the variance in educational participation, while the two variables explained education and climate strategies 58% of the variance. Conclusion: Education is generally influenced by five factors, including teacher, program, equipment, and educational environment. Each of these factors has characteristics that can have different effects on academic achievement and learning.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to present a predictive model of MOOC at Payam-e-Noor University based on the components of management and professional competence. Methodology: The research method was by purpose, applied; in terms of data type, (quantitative); in terms of data collection method or nature, and the research method was non-experimental - correlation. The statistical population of this study was 900 faculty members of Payam Noor University in Tehran. Due to the different nature of Payame Noor University, 270 people were selected as the subjects using Cochran formula and simple random sampling. The research tool consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire with 37 questions related to MOOC and two standard questionnaires of 20 and 15 questions for management variables (Wiele & Boselie Questionnaire, 2002) and professional competence (Molaeinejad questionnaire, 2012). The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and reliability coefficient (MOOC, management and scientific / professional competence) of 0.7. Structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that the components of management, scientific / professional competence, were effective factors on the implementation of the music in Payam-e-Noor University. Conclusion: With the presence of mock-ups, it facilitates the access of institutions and organizations to inclusive learning and facilitates the virtual learning process. In the field of MOOC management, the university can be effective in providing MOOCs courses by preserving and developing fair behavior and speech.

Purpose: Social capital plays an important role in the success of any organization, including the education organization. As a result, the purpose of this study was presenting a social capital management model in the general directorate of education in Kermanshah province with a grounded theory approach. Methodology: This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative part was experts and senior managers of education in Kermanshah province and in the quantitative part were the principals of primary schools in Kermanshah province. The sample size in the qualitative part was estimated according to the principle of theoretical saturation 11 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative part was estimated according to Krejcie and Morgan table 332 people who were selected by random cluster sampling method. The research instrument in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose psychometric indices was confirmed and for data analysis was used from the methods of coding in MAXQDA software and exploratory factor analysis in LISREL software. Findings: Findings showed that in the central category of social capital management in education, causal conditions including categories of organizational factors, social factors and individual factors, contextual conditions including categories of social bonds of employees, cultural and social commitments and sustainable social development, intervening conditions including categories of legal requirements and frameworks, civic participation networks, organizational policies and organizational culture, strategies including categories of knowledge management, organizational resilience, job turnover and organizational participation and outcomes including categories of organizational outcomes, individual outcomes and social outcomes. Other findings showed that the factor load of all sub-categories except sense of identity on causal conditions, all sub-categories except collective power on contextual conditions, all sub-categories except success and education on intervening conditions, all sub-categories on strategies and all sub-categories except human capital accumulation, social cohesion, organizational learning, organizational entrepreneurship and interpersonal trust on outcomes were confirmed. Conclusion: Regarded to the importance of identified categories and concepts for the social capital management in education, planning is essential to improve the categories through their concepts.

Rural tourism can be defined as a tourism product, which approach accentuates the importance of supply management and marketing activities. As against conventional tourism, rural tourism has certain typical characteristics like; it is experience oriented, the locations are sparsely populated, it is predominantly in natural environment, it meshes with seasonality and local events and is based on preservation of culture, heritage and traditions. Iran is world famous for kind hospitality, friendliness, and a beautiful Landscape and villages. Beautiful historical villages and rural areas, like Gilanian villages have been visited by many foreign and domestic tourists. Definitely, Tourism industry in the villages has positive and negative consequences. Some experts focus on the positive aspects and vice versa. Some experts disagree with this industry and believe that must be prevented rural tourism. The main purpose in this paper is to investigate and Introduction of tourism centers in Gilan villages. The method in this paper is quantities and also action research and tools of data collection is documental, in-depth interview and participate .

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of barriers to the advancement of sports justice in  schools of deprived areas with a mixed method. The present study was a sequential exploratory research and a survey one. The research population in the qualitative section included sports teachers in deprived areas that were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews (interviews with 15 participants until reaching the theoretical saturation). The research population of the quantitative section consisted of 181 sports teachers . The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview and a researcher-developed questionnaire. In order to analyze the research data, coding in the qualitative part and structural equation method in the quantitative part were conducted. In the qualitative part, 25 concept codes and 5 main categories were extracted. In the quantitative part, all 5 main extracted categories (economic, manpower, management, infrastructure, motivation) had a proper fitness.

Letter to the Editor

INTRODUCTION: An earthquake is a major natural disaster with widespread and great effects on human life and nature. Taking care of the basic needs of earthquake victims is an essential step that should be addressed immediately. Moreover, the evaluation of various problems after disasters, especially earthquakes, is of crucial importance for the affected people. The management of humanitarian aid and public assistance among these affected people is considered one of the most important post-earthquake concerns. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the post-earthquake challenges and strengths of providing humanitarian aid services in Sisakht, Yasuj, in February 2019. METHODS: This qualitative case study was conducted from March 2019 to July 2020. The studied population consisted of 20 participants including medical staff (n=10), clergy (n=2), crisis managers (n=4), and military personnel (n=4). The required data were collected through observation and semi-structured interviews, which continued until data saturation. To evaluate the reliability of the data, the strategies recommended by Guba were used. The data were analyzed by conventional content analysis based on the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. FINDINGS: The advantages and strengths of this study included humanitarian cooperation and coordination, as well as the timely presence of relief and rescue teams and law enforcement agencies from the post-earthquake first hours, which had a great impact on reducing the suffering of people. The challenges in providing post-earthquake services included health, medical, management, geographical, and spatial concerns and issues related to the earthquake victims (relief goods distribution problem and inappropriate information dissemination as the main challenges). CONCLUSION: Effective and appropriate management policies regarding the management of providing post-earthquake services and elimination of the structural and managerial obstacles can improve the operation and management of humanitarian aid.

In the 21st century, the meaning of places is essential to people. Meanings have gained symbolic importance through tourism heritage. Tourism is a powerful force  in shaping the world and our understanding of different cultures, people, and  places. This research investigates the complexities of religious tourism and the  management of religious destinations. It obtains criteria for managing religious  goals with a detailed look and uses the descriptive-analytical method based on  library documents and the opinion of research experts. Then, using research experts  and ISM-PLS hybrid approach, a three-level framework for managing religious  goals in Yazd city has been presented and analyzed. The results showed that the  government's decisions and actions were the most effective criteria. The ultimate  goal was to create a sense of trust and security among religious tourists. It is hoped  that the findings of this research will be a starting point for managing religious  tourism destinations and a guide for examining the complexities of Islamic tourism  destinations and their management.

Purpose: In Iran, women have major challenges and are in high conflict between the elites and the rulers. In many cases, society still emphasizes the maternal role of women more than her entry into the public arena, and this is in the fundamental contradiction of the women's management system in various forums. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to present the pattern of the status of the women's management system in the sports assemblies. Methodology: This study was performed in a combined method, the first part of which is the basis of the basis and the second part was done by scrolling. The statistical sample in the first part of the 16th sportsmen and professors and senior sports managers and in a few 141 people were studied. Data analysis in three stages of coding was open, pivotal and nucleus. In the quantitative section, the model and assumptions have been tested using the navigation method. Findings: With the analysis of 16 deep interviews and the implementation of these interviews, 125 meaningful concepts and propositions are extracted, and then from these 125 concepts, 141 corresponding concepts are pulled out. The overlap and meaning of many of the corresponding concepts led the researchers using their theoretical sensitivity to introduce and explain these 141 concepts to 27 sub -categories and ultimately 27 sub -categories with ten main categories. These ten subcategories consisting of; Identity in managerial spaces, the ability to divide, overcome gender spaces, effective control, planning, networking and communication skills, field and leadership, social support for women's management, exercise management and organizational efficiency, which are more abstracted by coding. Selection, a nuclear category as "the position of the women's management system in sports assemblies in the context of overcoming gender spaces and gaining social support for women's management in the ability to divide and organizational efficiency with women's intervention and communication skills based on field strategies and leadership, program. The centrality and management of management, despite the consequences of identifying in managerial and effective control spaces in Iranian society, appear to be realized in Iran, "which can cover all other categories. Conclusion: Considering the weakness of existing theoretical models in the field of the position of women's management system in sports associations, a new approach to explaining the management system of women in sports in Iran can help the health of women's sports.

Purpose: comprehensive quality management is the art of managing the entire complex for accomplishing the best outcome. Thus, the present research was done to identify the dimensions and elements of comprehensive quality management at Islamic Azad University. Methodology: The present research was an applied research of qualitative type. The research population consisted of experts in comprehensive quality management and evaluation at Tehran City; according to the principle of theoretical saturation, the sample size was estimated 12 individuals, chosen through snowball and purposive sampling methods. The research instrument was a semi-in-depth interview whose validity was confirmed through triangulation method, and its reliability, via interrater consistency coefficient, was estimated above 0.71. The data were analyzed through coding method in MAXQDA-2018 Software. Findings: The coding results suggested that comprehensive quality management at Islamic Azad University had three dimensions of internal, external, and academic quality development along with service assessment. The internal dimension included elements of leadership, curricula planning, the staff competence level, competent faculty members, assessment quality, quality of the physical atmosphere, educational equity, information technology quality, feedback on performance, the students’ competence level as well as the curriculum. The external dimension included cultural, social, economic, geographical – environmental elements. Finally, the dimension of academic quality and service assessment included elements of commercialization, skills, economic development, responsivity, value creation, as well as development of academic quality and service assessment. Conclusion: considering the dimensions and elements identified for comprehensive quality management at Islamic Azad University, the ground could be provided for accomplishing comprehensive quality management as well as achieving useful and excellent outcomes.