مطالب

Objective: Financial anxiety can affect the lives of many people, but in the literature, especially in Iran, it has not received much attention. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of financial anxiety in the relationship between coping strategies and marital stress. Methods:  The statistical population of the study is married people in Isfahan city. The Research method was correlation-path analysis. By convenience sampling method, 200 people were selected and completed the Financial Anxiety Questionnaire (FAQ), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CISS), and Marital Stress Scale (MSS). Amos-24 software was used for the final evaluation of the model. Results: Findings showed that problem-focused coping strategy and emotion-focused coping strategy indirectly affect marital stress through financial anxiety in married people. The normalized chi-square index is 1.34, the root of the mean squared error (RMSEA) is 0.04, and CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.96, GFI = 0.99, and NFI = 0.98. Then it can be claimed that the model has a good fit. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the coping strategies that people use to deal with stressful situations affect their financial anxiety and, subsequently, their marital stress.

Previous studies have explored the significant function of writing in the language development process, the essential role of metacognition in learning, the efficacy of scaffolding in developing students’ writing skill, and the application of technology in the learning and training process. However, the relationship between writing metacognitive knowledge and scaffolding via Google Docs and academic writing achievement needs further investigation. Therefore, the present study sought to examine whether writing metacognitive knowledge mediates the relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ scaffolding via Google Docs and academic writing achievement. The participants were 90 EFL undergraduate students enrolled in a writing course. The proficiency level of the participants was assessed through an online DIALANG test. Then, a quantitative correlational design was used to test the research hypothesis. Two questionnaires were used to gather quantitative data, and students’ performance on academic writing achievement was assessed. To evaluate the data, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, simple linear regression, and path analysis were run. The findings uncovered the hypothesized model of relationships among the variables of the study. More specifically, the results supported the mediator role of writing metacognitive knowledge.

This study investigates the effects of task complexity and task repetition on the reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners. The primary aim was to determine whether varying levels of task complexity and the repetition of these tasks could lead to significant enhancements in learners' reading comprehension abilities. A pretest-posttest design was utilized to assess the participants' performance before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses, including the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and paired samples t-tests, were conducted to assess data normality and evaluate the significance of observed differences. The findings indicated that both task complexity and task repetition had a substantial positive impact on the reading comprehension scores of Iranian EFL learners. Task complexity promoted deeper cognitive engagement, while task repetition facilitated retention and mastery of reading skills. These results suggest that incorporating strategically designed complex tasks and repeating them can enhance reading comprehension in EFL contexts. The study concludes that task complexity and repetition are effective strategies for improving reading comprehension among Iranian EFL learners. The enhancement in comprehension can be attributed to the cognitive challenges posed by complex tasks and the reinforcement provided through task repetition. Educators are encouraged to integrate tasks with varying levels of complexity and to implement repetitive practice within their instructional strategies. This approach not only aids in comprehension but also fosters a more engaging learning environment. Future research should explore the optimal levels of task complexity and repetition to maximize learning outcomes and examine their applicability in diverse educational contexts.

This study delved into the interplay between Iranian EFL teachers' emotional intelligence and their classroom management styles. The study employed the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) and the Competency and Behavior Management Survey (CBMS) to assess emotional intelligence and management styles of 110 EFL instructors from The Iran Language Institute. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive association between teachers' emotional intelligence and their preference for proactive classroom management strategies. Conversely, a significant negative correlation emerged between teachers' emotional intelligence and their inclination towards reactive management styles. Furthermore, the study identified a positive association between teachers' experience and both their emotional intelligence and their preference for proactive management. Additionally, teachers with master's degrees exhibited higher emotional intelligence levels, a stronger affinity for proactive strategies, and a weaker tendency for reactive approaches. These results hold significant implications for educators and teacher training programs. The study suggests a link between teachers' emotional intelligence and their successful implementation of classroom management strategies. This underscores the potential value of incorporating emotional intelligence development into teacher training programs, potentially enhancing future educators' ability to effectively manage their classrooms.

Many researchers have explored the speech act of refusals across various genres, languages, and contexts. However, little is known about how refusals are conveyed in academic job applications by Asia-Pacific and European institutions. To address this gap, the current cross-cultural study analyzed a corpus of naturally occurring academic job rejection emails from different universities. Using Beebe et al.’s (1990) taxonomy of refusals, a total of 85 rejection letters was collected and examined. The results revealed that while both Asia-Pacific and European universities employed similar refusal strategies, the frequency differed significantly: European universities used 219 refusal strategies, compared to only 60 by Asia-Pacific institutions. Both regions primarily relied on “indirect” refusal strategies and “adjuncts” to protect the applicant’s face. Interestingly, “direct” refusal strategies, which are more face-threatening, were notably more common in European universities’ responses. The study concludes with insights and recommendations for making the academic job application process more considerate for both applicants and institutions.