مطالب

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of synergistic leadership of school principals and systematic innovation of school organization in organizational entrepreneurship with the mediation of organizational ambidexterity and teachers' productive behaviors. The research population was all the teachers of technical and vocational schools in Tehran province, and a sample of 364 teachers was selected from this population using proportional stratified random sampling based on Cochran's formula. The quantitative research method is correlation studies and covariance-based structural equation modeling approach. In order to collect data from the researcher-made Synergistic leadership questionnaire; the researcher-made Systematic innovation questionnaire; the Organizational ambidexterity questionnaire of Jansen (2006); the researcher-made Teachers' productive behaviors questionnaire; and the Organizational entrepreneurship questionnaire of Hughes & Morgan (2007) were used. The reliability and validity of questionnaires were evaluated by the Cronbach's alpha techniques, content validity ratio, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In order to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, correlation matrix analysis and structural equation modeling were used by SPSS 25 and LISREL 10.5 software. The results showed that: synergistic leadership and systematic innovation had a direct, positive and significant effect on organizational ambidexterity, teachers' productive behaviors and organizational entrepreneurship. synergistic leadership and systematic innovation had a positive and significant indirect effect on organizational entrepreneurship through organizational ambidexterity and teachers' productive behaviors. The variables of synergistic leadership, systematic innovation, organizational ambidexterity and teachers' productive behaviors were able to explain 0.37 of the variance of organizational entrepreneurship

research was conducted with the aim of investigating the lived experience of professors of formative evaluation during virtual education. This research was done using qualitative approach and phenomenological design. In order to collect data, semi-structured qualitative interview was used. The number of people participating in the research was 10 professors of Bu Ali Sina University, which was achieved by using targeted sampling, after conducting 10 interviews, and audio and visual recording and their content were implemented in textual form. Interview data were analyzed in three stages of open, central and selective coding to classify concepts and categories. In-depth analysis of professors' views led to the identification of factors in three areas. The findings of the research showed that the quality of students' learning was based on the implementation of formative evaluation in the form of meaningful and qualitative learning. Also, two major challenges include weakness in evaluation culture and human resources and weakness in infrastructure and facilities, and strengthening the pedagogical knowledge of professors is the most important strategy to improve the quality of formative evaluation. As a result, paying attention to these factors can lead to the high-quality implementation of formative evaluation in the course of virtual education.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between teachers' self-efficacy and their tendency for integrating technology in teaching. Additionally, the contribution of teachers' self-efficacy variables in predicting their tendency to use technology in teaching is measured. This research is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. A sample of 175 teachers (109 females and 66 males) from the Safir Gofteman Institute were selected as the participants considering convenience sampling method, while the statistical population encompassed 324 teachers. The participants completed three questionnaires: Skaalvic and Skaalvic Norwegian Teacher’s self-efficacy scale with Cronbach’s alphas of 0.98 , Browne’s Technology Integration confidence scale (2009) with Cronbach’s alphas of 0.95 and a demographic information questionnaire. It is indicated that the teachers’ self-efficacy and technology integration intention are at satisfactory level. Correlation between self-efficacy and technology integration intention is .30 which shows positive direct relationship between these two variables. Moreover teachers’ self-efficacy is of power to predict teachers’ intention to integrate technology in teaching.

Purpose: This study aims to identify the key components of a curriculum based on cultural literacy in the education system. Methods: The study employed a qualitative research design, using content analysis to examine a wide range of documents and scholarly articles on cultural literacy. The data were collected from reputable sources between 2009 and 2024, including books, articles, and reports. Through open, axial, and selective coding, the data were analyzed to identify recurring themes and concepts. In total, 665 initial concepts were extracted, which were categorized into 46 subcategories, representing the core components of a culturally literate curriculum. Findings: The analysis revealed 46 distinct components of a culturally literate curriculum, including critical, personal, and cultural evaluation; historical, religious, and political knowledge; student-centered learning strategies; and environmental and social goals. These components emphasize the importance of fostering cultural literacy as a multifaceted concept, incorporating evaluative skills, social responsibility, and awareness of cultural diversity. The study highlights the need for both student-centered and teacher-centered strategies to balance critical engagement with structured learning. Conclusion: The study provides a comprehensive framework for integrating cultural literacy into the education system. By identifying the core components, it offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers to develop curricula that promote cultural understanding, critical thinking, and social cohesion. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach that incorporates cultural, educational, and social goals to prepare students for diverse and multicultural environments.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to develop and validate a comprehensive coaching leadership model for elementary school principals. Methodology: This research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative component involved semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in educational leadership to identify key components of the coaching model. The quantitative component included a survey distributed to 353 elementary school principals, with data analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) through SPSSwin20 and SMART PLS 8 software. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. Findings: The findings indicate that the proposed coaching leadership model significantly improves principals' competencies in instructional leadership, organizational management, and relationship-building. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated strong factor loadings and satisfactory model fit indices (GFI = 0.934, CFI = 0.944, RMSEA = 0.064). The model's effectiveness was further supported by enhanced teacher performance and a positive school climate, corroborating existing research on the benefits of coaching in educational leadership. The study identified key strategies such as professional growth, networking, and organizational support as crucial for effective coaching. Conclusion: The coaching leadership model developed in this study holds significant promise for enhancing the leadership competencies of elementary school principals. By providing personalized support and fostering a culture of continuous improvement, coaching can empower principals to effectively manage school operations, support teacher

This research investigates the impact of inventory management on company performance, specifically focusing on Return on Assets (ROA) andReturn on Equity (ROE) across different life cycle stages. Utilizing panel data from 192 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period from 2019 to 2023, the study employs regression analysis to explore these relationships. The findings reveal significant influences of inventory management on financial performance metrics. Notably, while effective inventory management enhances ROE, its relationship with ROA is more complex, indicating potential inefficiencies in larger firms. Specifically, a one-unit increase in inventory management correlates with a decrease in ROA but positively affects ROE. The analysis further shows that during growth and maturity phases, there is a statistically significant negative relationship between inventory management and performance metrics, whereas a positive relationship is observed during the decline phase. Additionally, control variables such as financial leverage consistently demonstrate negative correlations with both ROA and ROE. This study contributes valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between inventory management and company performance across various life cycle stages

INTRODUCTION: Since the presence or absence of various hazards in a geographical context is a relative matter, the resilience of cities to natural hazards is one of the important issues in urban planning and management; therefore, the objective of the present study is to assess the vulnerability of Konarak city to hazards caused by urban floods. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, field survey and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The statistical population of the research included citizens living in Konarak city, 380 of whom were selected using the Cochran formula using a simple random sampling method. The data were analyzed with GIS software. FINDINGS: According to the findings, the vulnerability of Konarak city to floods was assessed in terms of physical-infrastructural, social, economic, and institutional indicators in all neighborhoods. In the neighborhoods of Kalk Bazar, Surg, and Kohiyan, the physical-infrastructure index was higher than the average, which indicates the unfavorable condition of these neighborhoods in terms of physical conditions; socially, the lowest average was for Nazarabad and Surg neighborhoods; also, economically, the lowest average was for Nazarabad, Surg, and Baluchan neighborhoods, and institutionally, the lowest average was for Nazarabad, Surg, and Kohiyan neighborhoods. CONCLUSION: The results showed that neighborhoods of Nazarabad, Surg, Baluchan, and Kohiyan have a very unfavorable situation in terms of environmental vulnerability, respectively, while neighborhoods of Zargaran, Kalk Bazar, and Saheli Markazi have a relatively more favorable situation.

INTRODUCTION: Citizenship behavior in the field of management and organizational psychology refers to voluntary and informal behaviors and actions taken by employees in order to improve the functioning of the organization, go beyond the regular duties, and are carried out voluntarily without expectation of reward. This study analyzes the relationship between employee performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the RCS of Markazi province. METHODS: In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population includes all the employees of the RCS of Markazi province which 130 people were selected as a sample using the Cochran formula. In order to collect data, the standard OCB questionnaire of Organ (1988) and the Job Performance Scale of William & Anderson (1991) were used. The relationship between variables was analyzed using correlation coefficients and regression through SPSS-23 software in two descriptive and inferential sections. FINDINGS: According to the findings, among the 130 participants, 82 (63.1%) and 48 (36.9%) were male and female respectively; the age group of 31-40 had the highest frequency with 57 (43.8%); and 6-10 years of work experience, bachelor's degree level and under -a-contract employment status had the highest frequency with 36 (27.7%), 49 (37.7%) and 51 (39.2%) respectively. However, there are a direct and significant relationship between employee performance and citizenship behavior in the dimensions of "altruism", "conscientiousness", "civic virtue" and "curtsey". The correlation coefficient of organizational performance with the aforementioned dimensions is 0.368, 0.347, 0.233 and 0.397, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results showed that among the dimensions of OCB, "curtsey" and "civic virtue" have the highest and lowest correlations with the "performance" variable. On the other hand, the "chivalry" has no significant relationship with performance. Also, the effect of OCB on employee performance was significant, which can be said that the predictor variable (OCB) is able to explai

The connection between the soul and the body has always been acknowledged by philosophers, as seeing, hearing, remembering, recalling, thinking, experiencing joy and sadness, and enjoying, while being psychological phenomena, are deeply influenced by the body. Without the nervous, glandular, and muscular effects, these psychological events cannot occur. Similarly, psychological states have a significant impact on the body and human organism, a point often highlighted by psychologists and philosophers. This study, using a descriptive-analytical and comparative method, aims to examine Plato's and Mullā Ṣadrā's views on the soul and its relationship with the body. Based on the findings, Plato makes a distinction between the soul and the body, but believes in their reciprocal influence on one another. He identifies the soul with the essence of humanity and views the body as a foreign entity after death. Mullā Ṣadrā, however, sees the relationship between the soul and the body as a union, where each represents a stage in the existence of a single reality called "human." He believes that the soul and the body mutually affect each other, and in its initial emergence, the soul is corporeal, later reaching the state of abstraction through substantial motion. The soul's attachment to the body is intrinsic, and the soul remains a soul only while connected to the body. Overall, this study shows that although Mullā Ṣadrā has been influenced by Plato in some aspects, he also presents his unique perspectives in this area.