مطالب

This analysis delves into the contentious issue of naming the Persian Gulf, asserting that the distinction between Arabian and Persian nomenclature extends beyond a simple dichotomy between two neighbouring Middle Eastern countries, Arabs and Persians. Instead, it represents a significant dispute that resonates throughout the entire Middle East. This study addresses two key questions: ‘Why is the Persian Gulf naming dispute considered a problem rather than a mere disagreement between the two sides of the Gulf?’ and ‘How can this problem be resolved?’ The research employs two qualitative methods: a descriptive analytical approach to answer the primary question and a policy-oriented approach to propose practical solutions for the secondary question. By going beyond analysis and contributing to policy formulation, the study seeks to inform public opinion and enable official stakeholders to effectively address the issue. The push to rename it the 'Arabian Gulf', led by Arabists, not only negatively impacts Arab-Iranian relations but also presents an unexpected opportunity for Israel to forge connections with the Arab world while advancing its de-Arabization agenda, particularly regarding Palestine. To address this problem, a novel solution is proposed, taking into account the historical, geographical, political, and strategic context of the issue. The solution advocates recognizing a distinct 'Arabian Gulf' in the Gulf of Aqaba, off the coast of Palestine, by reverting to its historical origin.

The present study investigated the translation shifts and most frequent types of translation shifts according to Catford’s model in the translation of Sayings 1-30 in the Nahj al-balagha from Arabic into English. The researcher selected the first thirty sayings of the Nahj al-balagha for the analysis. Throughout the analysis, each shift strategy was traced and manually counted to determine the most frequent type of translation shift. The findings revealed that unit shifts were the most frequent type of shift (59.70%), followed by structure shifts (23.30%), then level shifts (10.70%), intra-system shift (4.50%), and finally class shifts (1.50%). Both translators used unit shift and structure shift with the highest frequencies in their translations. The results also indicated that, unlike Sayyid Ali Reza, Sayyid Muhammad Askari Ja’fari went beyond the surface structure and translated words into phrases and explained them in some cases, thus providing an understandable translation. Sayyid Muhammad Askari Ja’fari used unit shifts more frequently than Sayyid Ali Reza. Sayyid Muhammad Askari Ja’fari most of the time used unit shift to convey the message to the target language reader in a comprehensible way. The translator who used unit shift was successful in conveying the message of the source language text to the reader of the target language. Using unit shift made the target language's readers understand the material better.

The purpose of the current research was to determine the level of physical activity of the male employees of the police guard and also to investigate the relationships between physical activity and mental and social wellbeing in the male employees of the police guard. The current research was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population of this research included all the male employees of police guard of Tehran in 2021. The statistical sample of the current research included 146 men who were selected through convenience sampling. Physical activity was measured using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), mental health was measured using depression anxiety and stress scale 21 (DASS-21), and social health was measured using the Keyes's social well-being questionnaire (KSWBQ). Pearson’s correlation test and structural equations were used for data analysis. Results showed that the research subjects had a body mass index with an average of 24.40 which is at an average level, but close to overweight. Also, a total of 52% of the subjects had moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In addition, the mental and social health scores were in the average range. Moreover, physical activity had significant relationships with mental health and social health. The results of the model fit showed that the research model had a good fit. Our findings indicated the positive effects of physical activity on psycho-social health components in the male employees of police guard. These findings show that the use of strategies and interventions to improve the physical activity status of the staff of police guard is of special importance.

Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to higher education institutions, necessitating a robust resilience framework to navigate disruptions and ensure continued educational excellence. This study aimed to design a resilience pattern for higher education institutions based on grounded theory, drawing insights from the experiences of stakeholders in Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran, Iran. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The target population was all students, employees, and faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran, Iran. The sample size of this study was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation, resulting in a total of 29 participants who were selected by the purposive and theoretical sampling method and were underwent to a semi-structured interview. Interview validity was established using triangulation, and reliability was assessed using the intercoder agreement coefficient method, yielding a value of 0.72. The data obtained from semi-structured interviews were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding techniques in ATLAS.ti qualitative software version 9. Findings: The analysis showed that the resilience pattern of higher education institutions in response to the Covid-19 pandemic had 189 concepts, 39 subcategories and 10 main categories based on the systematic grounded theory. In this pattern, the central phenomenon was the resilient response of higher education institutions to the Covid-19 pandemic. Causal conditions were categorized into three main categories: individual (6 subcategories, 29 concepts), organizational (7 subcategories, 41 concepts), and social (3 subcategories, 11 concepts). Intervening conditions consisted of national factors (4 subcategories, 18 concepts), while context were represented by global factors (4 subcategories, 16 concepts). Strategies included prediction and prevention (3 subcategories, 17 concepts), response and coping (5 subcategories, 24 concepts), and adaptation and compatibility (3 subcategories, 18 concepts). Consequences were classified into short-term (2 subcategories, 8 concepts) and long-term consequences (2 subcategories, 7 concepts). Finally, the resilience pattern of higher education institutions in response to the Covid-19 pandemic based on grounded theory was designed. Conclusion: The proposed resilience pattern serves as a valuable guide for higher education institutions to proactively address the challenges posed by unforeseen disruptions, fostering adaptability and sustainability in an increasingly volatile world. The framework emphasizes the importance of resilience not only at the organizational level but also among students, staff, and faculty members. By incorporating this pattern into their strategic planning and operational practices, higher education institutions can enhance their capacity to navigate crises such as Covid-19 pandemic and emerge stronger amidst adversity.

Purpose: Today, the use of online education significantly has grown in compared to the past. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of components of the field of artistic aesthetics on online education. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was practical and in terms of implementation method was interventional with a pretest, posttest and one-month follow-up design. The research population was the fourth grade students of district 2 of Tehran city in the 2021-22 academic years. The number of 50 people of them were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly replaced into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained for one month from Saturday to Wednesday in the field of artistic aesthetics in Skyroom, and the control group was trained with the usual method in Skyroom. The research tool was a researcher-made online education questionnaire with 13 items, which the face validity by the opinion of experts was confirmed, and its reliability with the test-retest method was obtained above 0.80. The data were analyzed by methods of variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS version 19 software. Findings: The findings of the present research showed that teaching the components of the field of artistic aesthetics led to increase all variables of online education including music and sound, dramatic movements, imagery, visual arts, digital media and film, animation, storytelling and narrative, recognition of colors and lines, poetry and text, pantomime, rhythmic story writing, humor and puppet shows were improved in students and these results remained in the one-month follow-up phase (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed the effect of the intervention based on the components of the field of artistic aesthetics on all variables of online education. Therefore, can be used the method of teaching the components of the field of artistic aesthetics along with other educational methods to improve online education.