تبیین تأثیر جهانی شدن بر سطح فساد سیاسی در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
از موضوعات مهم در دنیای سیاست مدرن که اذهان متفکرین را به خود مشغول داشته مقوله فساد سیاسی است. فساد سیاسی اصطلاحی است که برای توصیف نقض هنجارهای عمومی توسط قدرت سیاسی در راستای دستیابی به دستاوردهای شخصی و نیز حفظ منافع گروهی بکار می رود؛ اما از دهه 1980 پرداختن به این مقوله همچون سایر مقولات سیاست مدرن تحت تأثیر توجه به پدیده جهانی شدن قرار گرفته است. مطالعات جدید نشان می دهند جهانی شدن اجتماعی و سیاسی عوامل مقدماتی با تأثیر معنادار بر فساد بوده؛ اما جهانی شدن اقتصادی هم مقدمه و هم اثر سطوح مختلف فساد است. این مقاله با استفاده از داده های ثانویه و سری زمانی ارائه شده از سوی موسسه تحقیقاتی انواع دموکراسی و مرکز تحقیقات چرخه تجاری در پی پاسخ این پرسش است که ورود به عرصه جهانی شدن چگونه سطح فساد سیاسی در ایران را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد؟ با بهره گیری از مدل رگرسیون چندجمله ای به عنوان یکی از استراتژی های روش کمی، مقاله نشان داد که بُعد اجتماعی جهانی شدن تأثیر منفی و بعد سیاسی آن تأثیر مثبت بر فساد سیاسی دارد؛ اما افزایش بُعد اقتصادی جهانی شدن تا نقطه ای باعث کاهش فساد سیاسی شده و از آن حد فراتر فساد سیاسی افزایش می یابد.Explaining the Impact of Globalization on the Level of Political Corruption in Iran
Introduction Political corruption is one of the crucial concerns in today’s political landscape that has captured the attention of researchers. Political corruption refers to the breach of public norms by those in political power, either to further personal interests or to protect group interests. It entails the manipulation of political institutions and internal regulations, thereby impacting government bodies and the overall political system. Consequently, political corruption is often anticipated to result in institutional deterioration. However, since the 1980s, globalization has influenced the way through which categories of modern politics, including political corruption, are addressed. In the context of globalization, the examination of political corruption transcends the confines of the nation–state and should be viewed as a global concern. Literature Review A review of primary studies concerning the impact of globalization on political corruption reveals a spectrum of pessimistic and optimistic opinions among scholars. Optimists argue that globalization diminishes political corruption, while pessimists contend that it, in fact, increases political corruption. However, recent research indicates that the discrepancy between these viewpoints stems from their differing understandings of the relationship between globalization and political corruption. By adhering to a linear approach, both groups attempt to find the relationship between these variables, and consequently prescribe or discourage further engagement with globalization to exploit opportunities and avoid threats. To resolve this discrepancy, new studies, adopting a non-linear approach, posit that social and political globalization serves as a significant precursor to corruption. Economic globalization is perceived as both a prelude to and a consequence of varying levels of corruption. Materials and Methods As a quantitative research, the present study employed regression analysis as a highly practical quantitative method. Specifically, it utilized polynomial regression, which is supported by recent studies as well as by the secondary data sourced from the V-Dem Institute and the KOF Swiss Economic Institute. Results and Discussion According to the regression analysis, the normative nature of political corruption necessitates a redefinition of public and private interests at both the societal and governmental elite levels if the aim is to enhance the social dimension of globalization. The coefficient of the political dimension indicated that increased globalization can lead to a reduction in political corruption as global pressures compel the country to undertake structural and institutional reforms, including safeguarding property rights, enhancing transparency in decision-making processes, and improving the quality of public services. However, the results showed that there is no linear relationship between economic dimension of globalization and political corruption. Instead, the economic dimension influences the impact of other dimensions on political corruption in a non-linear, curved manner. As this dimension increases, political corruption decreases up to a certain point, but beyond that threshold, corruption levels begin to rise. One of the ideals and goals that emerged during the formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran was the fight against the political corruption that had been rampant during the Pahlavi era, which required a revolutionary change as the only means to eliminate corruption. However, following the success of the Revolution, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran inherited a political, governance, and administrative system that later fell into the depths of various forms of corruption. The present research aimed to address a fundamental question: What is the impact of Iran’s engagement with globalization on the level of political corruption in the country? The necessity of conducting such studies arises from the importance of understanding the effect of globalization on various political issues with the ultimate aim of leveraging the benefits and avoiding the threats. Considering Iran’s economic structure, the system of international sanctions against Iran, and the normative nature of political corruption, it is expected that the various dimensions of globalization may have a detrimental impact on political corruption in Iran. Conclusion In conclusion, given the concurrent influence of different dimensions of globalization on political issues, policymakers are recommended to follow a non-linear approach to leverage the opportunities and avoid the threats of globalization.
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