مطالب

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the strategies and consequences of non-marriage among single men. Methods and Materials: The study was carried out using a qualitative approach and grounded theory methodology. The study population consisted of men whose age ranged between 33 and 45 years, considering the average age of marriage for men in the city of Kazerun in 2023 was 30.9 years. All participants were residents of Kazerun County in Fars Province. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling based on inclusion/exclusion criteria until theoretical saturation was reached (15 participants). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's (1998) grounded theory approach, including open, axial, and selective coding. Findings: In the open coding phase, out of 232 identified codes, 33 open codes related to strategies and 56 open codes related to consequences were extracted. These codes were categorized into different concepts during axial coding. Finally, in the selective coding phase, the main categories and related outcomes of non-marriage were identified. The most significant strategies for not pursuing marriage included improving economic conditions, enhancing mental and physical well-being, developing alternative relationships, and seeking emotional or financial bonds. On the other hand, mental and psychological consequences, objective consequences, and environmental consequences were among the major outcomes associated with prolonged singlehood in men. These included negative emotions such as depression, isolation, wasted time and energy, and economic and social problems. Conclusion: This study revealed that the decision not to marry among men is the result of a combination of psychological, social, cultural, and economic factors that influence individual choices. Based on the findings, it is recommended that social and cultural policies aimed at supporting youth and facilitating marriage are essential. Moreover, identifying and thoroughly examining cultural and social barriers to marriage could help reduce the rate of singlehood and increase the willingness to marry among young people.

Hypocrisy is described as the mother of evils in both Islam and Christianity. In scriptures of these religions, the hypocrites are described as those who apparently profess to the two faiths but in heart they are either antagonistic to them or exploit them as means for satisfying their worldly desires. However, the evil becomes menacing when the hypocrites claim a place in the political power structures. In the fourteenth-century societies of England and Fars (Shiraz,) due to the pervasive presence of hypocrite clerics and their significant influence both on the common people and in the power structure, the hypocrisy of these men was a major topic in literature of the time. In two masterpieces of English and Persian literatures of this century, that is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1342/43- 1400), and the Divan of Khājeh Shams-Adīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī (1325- 1390), the hypocrite men of religion were prime target of ridicule and criticism. This article is an attempt to show that despite the difference in genre, the two works seem to focus on and highlight the same concern about hypocrisy and the hypocrites. Moreover, in their treatment of the theme of religious hypocrisy, the two poets seem to have adopted some similar methods of characterization and focused on identical and shared features of the hypocrite men of religion in the Divan and The Canterbury Tales.

Background: Over the past few decades, the rapid expansion of cross-border e-commerce has reshaped global trade, acting as a key driver of economic transformation. As a crucial aspect of globalization, e-commerce has facilitated the integration of businesses into international markets, reducing geographical barriers and transaction costs while fostering economic development.Aims: The present study aims to examine e-commerce and its role in economic transformation from a business management perspective.Methodology: The research employs a descriptive survey method, with a statistical population comprising all students and graduates in the fields of e-commerce and business management in Bandar Abbas. Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 203 individuals were selected as the study sample. A researcher-developed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient exceeding 0.8 was distributed among the participants. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, specifically the T-test, through SPSS version 22.Findings: The findings revealed that the T-test statistic for the role of e-commerce in accelerating economic transactions was 73.7, its impact on inflation in the global economy was 54.9, and its contribution to facilitating transactions was 65.5, all statistically significant at a 95% confidence level (P<0.05).Conclusions: E-commerce plays a significant role in enhancing the speed of economic transactions, influencing inflation in the global economy, and facilitating trade from a business management perspective.

Background: A key claim and fundamental assumption of feminist thought is that many traits commonly perceived as female are not inherent or genetically determined, but are instead products of historical and social conditioning. This perspective argues that even in contemporary societies, persistent anti-female stereotypes limit women’s ability to fully exercise their rights. For instance, the historical exclusion of women from political life, potentially driven by male power dynamics, has fostered the misconception that women lack interest in political engagement.Aims: This research seeks to investigate this hypothesis: does Internet-based social networks help to increase women's political participation?Methodology: Employing a qualitative approach, this study synthesizes data from diverse sources– including case study of Clubhouse, and peer-reviewed academic literature– to explore to what extent are women interested in political action under free and equal conditions? To this end, we selected the Clubhouse platform. We then monitored and analyzed women’s behavior before and after a sensitive national political event, the 2021 (1400 AH) presidential election.Findings: The findings indicated that, contrary to our initial hypothesis, the Clubhouse platform’s open environment did not significantly enhance women’s political participation or stimulate greater interest in political topics. Women largely remained engaged with content related to entertainment, family life, cooking, and music.Conclusions: This viewpoint aligns with the tendency to view gender-related issues as stemming from inherent, natural differences rather than socio-historical constructs.