درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The illegal proliferation of small arms constitutes a major source of destruction to lives and properties and exacerbates ethnic and religious tensions leading to full-fledge conflicts. However, by employing failed state theory as theoretical framework,a failed state is one that has shattered social and political structures. It is characterized by social, political and economic failure. It is the collapse of state institutions, especially the police and judiciary with resulting paralysis of governance, a breakdown of law and order, and general banditry and chaos. Common characteristics of a failing state is when a central government is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory, non-provision of public utilities or services, widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations, and sharp economic decline. Using the above theory, the research found that, many factors are responsible for the illegal proliferation of SALW in Nigeria, but the prominent include porosity of Nigerian borders,arms traffickers exploit this situation to smuggle SALW into the country. wide spread insecurity in the country which Nigerians and cooperate organizations have lost confidence in the state and its security agencies to guarantee security hence, individuals, groups and cooperate bodies have to provide security for themselves through various means. These private securities and vigilantes are armed sometimes with illegal weapons. Arming of private security is part of the motivational force for the proliferation of small arms in Nigeria.However, corruptioncreates breeding grounds for the proliferation of small arms and light weapons among the civilian population. Finally, under-equipment of the national security agencies.Criminals and dissidents are often better equipped than the security agencies thereby making the security agencies incapable of repelling their attacks and unable to defend the public from criminals.

"Comprehensiveness of the Holy Qur’an" is a paradigm that has been taken from some Qur’anic phrases and expressions. This paradigm has had different meanings in different periods. "Comprehensiveness of the Qur'an" has been interpreted by some as the existence of all the news of the past and future in the Qur'an or the description of all beings or the inclusion of the Qur'an on all sciences and technologies. Many commentators have considered the comprehensiveness of Qur’an related to the human needs for reaching guidance. This study, by analyzing the evolution of the paradigm of comprehensiveness of the Qur'an, has shown that by proposing the discourse of the identity of religion and politics by Imam Khomeini and the dominance of this discourse in the cultural atmosphere of Iran after the Islamic Revolution; the paradigm according to some commentators has been defined as one of the components of this discourse and means the existence of comprehensive Qur'anic rules, laws and programs.