درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The obligation of khums, which is understood from verse 41 of Surah Anfal, is a difference of opinion among the scholars of the two sects in some aspects, such as the meaning and scope of the word booty, from the branches of Islam and the common denominator of all Muslims. Shiite scholars, citing the absoluteness of the word booty and emphatic words and the word "I am the object" in the verses and hadiths of the Infallibles (peace be upon them), call booty any benefit that man obtains. The Sunni scholars also, since there is no restriction in its original meaning and by quoting the word "I am an object" and the narrations of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), have interpreted the word booty in everything that a person obtains. But for customary reasons they consider it bound to spoils of war, because the narrations of the Prophet (peace be upon him) which stated only the division of spoils, never indicate the monopoly of khums on spoils of war and the interpretation of spoils to spoils of war by the followers. Most are the result of their ijtihad.This article tries to study the word "booty" from the perspective of Shiite and Sunni scholars by using the library and analytical-descriptive method in order to reveal the reasons for the scholars' disagreement.

Ibn Abbas is one of the most famous exegete companions known as the grandmaster of the Meccan school of interpretation. His prominent position is due to the large number of interpretive narrations quoted from him. Numerous works in the interpretation of the Qur'an are attributed to him, among which some works are more famous due to the possibility of his own writing or direct quotation from him or their important contents. One of the famous exegetical works attributed to Ibn Abbas is called “Tanwīr al-Miqbās.” According to the content evaluation, the authenticity of the attribution of this work to Ibn Abbas cannot be accepted; The most important reasons in terms of content are as follows: problems in the number of words and letters of some surahs, the existence of words indicating quotations from other companions and followers, the existence of later terms and the existence of late sectarian and theological evidence. Similarly, both documentary

According to rhetoricians, metaphor is more eloquent than other expressive tricks and techniques such as simile and metaphor.Because in metaphor, simile is forgotten and is claimed to be vihicle same tenor. European speakers have considered it the queen of virtual similes and the main form of permission. Exaggeration in simile and illustration and creating an important purpose of any metaphor.Thus metaphor is at the highest level of rhetoric.In the present article, which is provided by a descriptive-analytical method, a corner of the functions of metaphor in explaining and depicting the resurrection and its circumstances was shown.This article seeks to answer the question of whether metaphor is useful in explaining the verses related to the resurrection.Based on the findings of this study,the God has used metaphor for purposes such as visualization in order to guide human and to better explain and influence the word on hearts.Among these, the use of submerged metaphor and allegory is more.

According to the Bible, Christ was the savior of Abraham's descendants from homelessness and their enjoyment of the land of nectar and lion, and this originated from the historical and cultural conditions of their lives. The descendants of Abraham always waited for such a person, and in every age they applied Christ to someone who they thought was their savior, of whom Jesus was one. It was in this historical and cultural context that Prophet Muhammad declared, I am the promised person of Torah and Bible that will appear at the end of time and make the righteous inherit the land of nectar and milk. It was based on this apocalyptic idea that he considered himself the Khātam al-Anbiyāʼ. All the Abrahamic prophets, including Jesus and Muhammad, were evangelicals; that is, they preached the good news of inheriting such a land. The Bible was nothing but the gospel to such a land. However, in Jewish culture, such a land was introduced worldly and earthly. But in Christian culture it has more of an afterlife and heavenly aspect, and in Islamic culture it has more of a worldly aspect like Jewish culture. Accordingly, the Qur'anic resurrection is described as physical.

From past to present, there have been many differences among Islamic thinkers about the quiddity of Mutashābih and its Ta’wīl in the Qur'an. Each of these thinkers has spoken on this subject according to their profession and method. In the meantime, the view of "Shari’at Sanglaji" is remarkable. Sanglaji, who is known for his modern thinking and inclination towards the Qur'an-sufficiency, believes that Qur'anic similarities mean the end of the matter and include only occult concepts. The general public is unable to comprehend similarities due to its preoccupation with tangibility. Leading research with a descriptive-analytical method tries to discuss some aspects of Sanglaji’s theory while accurately reporting his point of view. The result of the research shows that Sanglaji’s view does not have the necessary accuracy and credibility, because Mutashābih i.e. the similarity does not only include occult concepts but also material concepts. The result of this research is used in the field of Qur’anic research and interpretation.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : Religious rules in Shiite jurisprudence are inferred from the four sources of the Quran, Sunnah, reason and consensus; but in addition to these sources, some foundations such as common law are also mentioned. Based on it, the question arises here “what are the roles of common law and Ertekazat in common law in understanding and inferring the religious rules? This article seeks to answer this question and tries to study and analyze the functions of common law in understanding and inferring the religious rules. The research hypothesis is that common law and Ertekazat in common law are used in understanding the words of religious arguments, subjecting and de-subjecting of common law for the religious documents, proving or denying some rights and other issues that are used by jurists and lawyers in the process of inferencing. METHOD AND FINDING : The research method is descriptive-analytical. One of the findings of the present study is that most scholars of the Islamic jurisprudence and law have not distinguished between these two foundations; but it is more correct that common law is considered from the category of objective matter in the practical life of people, but Ertekazat in common law are from the category of subjective matter. CONCLUSION : Presence of custom in the scene of inference causes the contemporary Muslim to realize that the religious rulings are made according to the customary understanding, facts and tangible needs, and therefore in his spiritual biology more obedience to the rulings, commands. He will have the divine and the spiritual program of Islam and his spirituality will be strengthened.