درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Impulsive and risky behaviors include behavioral choices that may expose people to serious risks of harm. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and impulsive and risky behaviors, the mediating role of positive and negative emotional motivations in students. In terms of purpose, the research was applied, and in terms of the implementation, the correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population of the research included the students of Islamic Azad University, Babol in 1402-1403, and 200 people were selected as a sample by sampling method. Questionnaires risk tolerance of Zadeh Mohammadi et al. (2003), childhood trauma by Bernstein et al. (2003); Bernstein et al.'s childhood trauma (2003): Positive and negative effect, Watson and Telgen were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using structural equations in SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that adverse childhood experiences and negative emotional motivations have a positive and direct effect on impulsive and risky behaviors, and positive emotional motivations have a direct negative effect on impulsive and risky behaviors. Also, adverse childhood experiences have an indirect effect on impulsive and risky behaviors with the mediating role of positive and negative emotional motivations in students. Therefore, various types of abuse or neglect and ignoring their needs and types of abuse in the context of family or society can have long-term harmful effects and cause risky and impulsive behaviors in the future

Introduction and Objective: A thorough understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience critical situations such as an epidemic is important. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the lived experiences of patients with schizophrenia residing in a care center during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research Methodology: The qualitative research method used was phenomenology. Patients with schizophrenia who were residing at the Sarai Ehsan Rehabilitation Center were selected purposefully. Based on the rule of theoretical saturation, sampling continued until 31 patients were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis method followed Colaizzi's approach, and the data were manually analyzed by the researchers. Findings: Data analysis led to the identification of 308 primary codes. Five main themes were extracted: (1) patients’ perceptions and causes of the disease, (2) patients’ views about quarantine, (3) feelings and emotions during the period of quarantine and illness, (4) patients’ actions during the period of quarantine and illness, and (5) sources of information about the disease. These main themes included 32 sub-themes. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the Coronavirus pandemic and the resulting quarantine significantly affected the experiences of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists are encouraged to use these findings in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia during infectious disease outbreaks.

Objective: This research aimed to develop a training package on marital skills and its effectiveness in improving intimacy and psychological well-being of couples involved in marital conflicts. Methods:  The research method in the qualitative part was content analysis, and in the quantitative part, a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 10 specialists in the field of counseling and psychology, and in the qualitative section, couples with conflict in the city of Shahrekord in 1403. The research method , purposive sampling method was used. In this research, 16 couples with the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (8 couples) and the control group (8 couples). To collect data, the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (RPWBS), and the Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS) were used. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS24 software. The results of the analysis of covariance showed (P<0.01). Results: Therefore, it can be concluded that marital skills training, as a social approach, had an enhancing role in intimacy and psychological well-being of couples with marital conflicts. Conclusion: The results of this research can be used by counseling and psychological centers, education and training, parent-teacher associations, welfare organizations, and all cultural institutions.

Objective: Insomnia, marked by difficulty falling or staying asleep, affects many students and contributes to increased worry, cognitive distortions, and depression, exacerbating their overall well-being and academic performance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in reducing worry, cognitive distortions, and depression in students with insomnia symptoms. Method: The research utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population consisted of university students in Ardabil Province during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 34 students were purposefully selected based on predefined criteria (e.g., insomnia symptoms) and then randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 17) or the control group (n = 17). The research instruments included the Insomnia Severity Index (2001), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (1990), the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (2004), and the Beck Depression Inventory (1996). The intervention group participated in eight weekly sessions of 90-minute MBSR, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS-27. Results: The results indicated that MBSR significantly reduced worry (F = 46.86), rejection in interpersonal relationships (F = 30.07), unrealistic expectations in relationships (F = 41.54), misperception in interpersonal relationships (F = 30.38), and depression (F = 41.20) among students with insomnia symptoms (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results highlight the potential of MBSR as a valuable non-pharmacological intervention for managing insomnia and associated psychological challenges in academic settings. Given its effectiveness, further research could explore long-term benefits and applicability across diverse student populations and settings.