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The aim of the present study was to predict self- destructiveness based on perceived stress, brain-behavioral systems and defense styles. The population was the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2017-2018; through convenience sampling method, 150 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The design was correlational. chronic self- destructiveness scales (CSDS), perceived stress scale (PSS), behavioral inhibition-activation systems scale (BIS/BAS) and defense styles (DSQ) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient as well as stepwise regression. The results showed that there was a relationship between self-destructiveness and perceived stress (p≤.01), punishment sensitivity (p≤.001), reward responsiveness (p≤.05), drive (p≤.01), and fun seeking (p≤.01). Immature defense style (p≤.01) and neurotic defense style (p≤.01) have a relationship. Moreover, the regression analysis revealed that fun seeking (R2=.33), reward sensitivity (R2=.26), driving (R2=.23), neurotic defense styles (R2=.17), immature defense styles (R2=.11) and punishment sensitivity (R2=.11) could predict self- destructiveness. In conclusion, it can be said that perceived stress is in dynamic relationship with brain-behavioral systems and defense styles can predict self- destructiveness. Punishment sensitivity among brain-behavioral systems, and immature defense styles among the defense styles, were most strongly associated with self-destructiveness.

Introduction: Effective emotional regulation is crucial for individuals with major depression. This study compares the impact of two intervention methods—repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and cognitive-behavioral therapy—on emotional regulation in this population.Methods: Conducted as a quasi-experimental, goal-oriented study, we employed a pre-test post-test design with a one-month follow-up for the control group. The sample comprised 39 men and women with major depression purposefully selected from Delaram Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran in 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: rTMS (13 participants), cognitive-behavioral therapy (13 participants), and a control group (13 participants). The experimental groups received 12 sessions each of their respective interventions, while the control group received no intervention. Demographic characteristics were recorded, and the research tool used was Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS version 26. Results: Both rTMS and cognitive-behavioral therapy demonstrated effectiveness in emotional regulation, including suppression and reappraisal components, among individuals with depression. Importantly, cognitive-behavioral therapy exhibited greater efficacy in emotional regulation and its suppression and reappraisal components compared to rTMS. Specific p-values or effect sizes are available upon request. Conclusion: In comparing the two intervention methods, cognitive-behavioral therapy emerged as more effective than rTMS in enhancing emotional regulation in individuals with depression. These findings underscore the significance of considering diverse approaches in the treatment of major depression and may have practical implications for clinical practice.