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Objective: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of cultural silence and emotional suppression within Asian-American families. Methods: This qualitative study utilized a phenomenological approach to investigate emotional suppression among 24 Asian-American adults residing in the United States. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure diversity across ethnic subgroups and generational backgrounds. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted via secure video conferencing platforms. Interviews lasted between 60 and 90 minutes and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using NVivo software. Thematic analysis was performed through an inductive coding process that emphasized participants’ subjective interpretations and cultural meaning-making around emotional expression. Findings: Four major themes emerged from the data: family communication norms, cultural identity and emotional suppression, impacts on mental and emotional health, and pathways to emotional expression and healing. Participants reported indirect communication, emotional stoicism, and intergenerational silence as common patterns within their families. These dynamics were often reinforced by cultural expectations of respect, shame, and self-control. Emotional suppression was linked to internalized distress, difficulty in emotional identification, and barriers to help-seeking. Despite these challenges, participants also described transformative experiences involving therapy, peer support, and bicultural integration that facilitated emotional literacy and relational healing. Conclusion: Emotional suppression and cultural silence in Asian-American families are shaped by deep-rooted cultural values and intergenerational practices. While these patterns may hinder emotional well-being, participants also demonstrated adaptive strategies and agency in redefining emotional norms. These findings underscore the importance of culturally responsive mental health practices that validate heritage while promoting emotional authenticity.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and test a structural equation model for predicting marital conflict based on early maladaptive schemas, gender stereotypes, and emotional needs, with the mediating role of coping styles. Methods and Materials: The research adopted a correlational design using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included 1,760 married men and women with marital conflicts who had sought counseling services in Tehran in 2024. Using purposive sampling, 500 participants were selected who had been married for at least six months and voluntarily completed six standardized questionnaires: the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, Bem Sex Role Inventory (short form), Emotional Needs Questionnaire, Young-Rigg Schema Avoidance Inventory, and Young’s Overcompensation Inventory. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS software through both descriptive and inferential statistics, including path coefficients and indirect effects. Findings: The results showed that disconnection and rejection schema (β = 0.413, p < 0.001), other-directedness (β = 0.214, p < 0.001), avoidance coping (β = 0.217, p < 0.001), and overcompensation coping (β = 0.122, p = 0.010) were significant direct predictors of marital conflict. Emotional needs significantly predicted both avoidance (β = 0.175, p = 0.014) and overcompensation coping (β = 0.246, p < 0.001). Gender stereotypes also played a role, with neutrality negatively predicting marital conflict (β = –0.229, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis confirmed significant indirect effects of impaired autonomy and emotional needs on marital conflict via avoidance coping, and of impaired limits and over-vigilance via overcompensation coping (p < 0.05). However, several indirect paths through gender stereotypes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings support a comprehensive model where early maladaptive schemas, emotional needs, and gender stereotypes predict marital conflict through maladaptive coping styles. These insights can inform schema-based couple therapy by addressing cognitive-emotional vulnerabilities and promoting healthier coping mechanisms in marital relationships.

Previous research has identified correlations between individual differences, such as age, and perceptual processes. However, the specific roles of these factors in face and house detection and the categorization of ambiguous stimuli remain inadequately understood. To address this issue, we employed a face/house categorization task to investigate how participants of different ages perceive human agents versus non-natural objects amidst varying levels of visual noise (40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%). Our results revealed that older participants exhibit longer reaction times (RT) in face detection under low-noise, ambiguous conditions (40% noise)—pointing toward a selective effect of age on face processing rather than on other object categories, such as houses.

  Objective : Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication problems, limited social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy education with a parent-child approach in improving social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group, and a follow-up phase. The statistical population of the study included children with autism at the Justice Center in Isfahan. The sample of the present study included 30 children with autism, including 30 children with autism, who were selected using purposive sampling and were divided into two experimental and control groups. The research instrument used was the Autism Social Skills Profile (ASSP), and play therapy education sessions with a parent-child approach were implemented in ten 90-minute sessions once a week on the experimental group. The research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS version 24 software. Results: The research findings showed that the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of social skills variables in all stages of the experiment was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that play therapy education with a parent-child approach can help improve children's social skills. Therefore, its use is recommended to strengthen social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Objective : Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication problems, limited social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy education with a parent-child approach in improving social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group, and a follow-up phase. The statistical population of the study included children with autism at the Justice Center in Isfahan. The sample of the present study included 30 children with autism, including 30 children with autism, who were selected using purposive sampling and were divided into two experimental and control groups. The research instrument used was the Autism Social Skills Profile (ASSP), and play therapy education sessions with a parent-child approach were implemented in ten 90-minute sessions once a week on the experimental group. The research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS version 24 software. Results: The research findings showed that the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of social skills variables in all stages of the experiment was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that play therapy education with a parent-child approach can help improve children's social skills. Therefore, its use is recommended to strengthen social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Aim: The experience of failure and rejection of emotional relationships is considered a traumatic and fundamental problem in patients with bipolar disorder. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of intervention based on coping with emotional failure in promoting distress tolerance of bipolar patients. Method: The present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test/post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The study population included all patients with bipolar disorder in Zanjan City in 2022 among them, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling, and they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups after matching based on demographic variables. The Experimental group received 10 1-hour sessions of the protocol of coping with love trauma, and the control group did not receive training. The questionnaires on distress tolerance assessed the participants in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (Simons & Gaher, 2005). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measure test. Result: The results showed the effectiveness of the intervention based on coping with emotional failure in increasing the distress tolerance of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages (P <0.01). Conclusion: The present protocol can facilitate the process of coping with emotional failure and managing its consequences by dealing with transdiagnostic factors such as emotional avoidance, rumination, and other factors. In addition to reducing the likelihood of recurrence or exacerbation of the disorder, it can be used as one of the adjuvant, supportive, and rehabilitation interventions along with drug therapies to rehabilitate and improve their quality of life.

Objective: This study aimed to provide a phenomenological analysis of psychological distress caused by the loss of the father in female adolescents in Tabriz, Iran.Methods: This phenomenological study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Seven female adolescents who had lost their fathers in childhood due to illness were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews until data saturation. The interview texts were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method.Results: The findings of the study showed that psychological distress experienced by the girls by the absence of their fathers could be described with three main categories and eleven subcategories. The identified categories were emotional pressures (deprivation of companionship, deprivation of a supporter, mother’s pressure, recalling memories and worries), social pressures (others’ mistakes, hiding, inhibition, and limited relationships), and economic pressures (self-reliance and financial problems).Conclusion: The dimensions of psychological distress experienced by male and female adolescents due to the absence of their fathers or mothers should be considered in psychological assessments and interventions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body checking behavior and body image in the relationship between emotional regulation and coping styles with binge eating disorder. Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional descriptive study of a correlational nature. The target population consisted of all women visiting clinics in Shiraz, and a sample of 200 women was selected using the convenience sampling method. The measurement tools used in this study included the Body Checking and Body Image Questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Coping Styles Questionnaire, and the Binge Eating Disorder Scale. The obtained data were analyzed at both descriptive and inferential levels. In the descriptive section, indices such as mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum scores were calculated. At the inferential level, Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis with structural equation modeling were conducted. Findings: The results indicated that body checking behavior and body image, as mediating variables, create a significant relationship between emotional regulation and coping styles with binge eating disorder. Both emotional regulation and body checking behavior directly and indirectly predicted binge eating disorder. Additionally, coping styles, particularly problem-focused coping, helped reduce binge eating behaviors, whereas emotion-focused and avoidant coping styles had more negative effects on this disorder. Conclusion: These results emphasize that body image and checking behaviors can increase body dissatisfaction and contribute to the persistence of binge eating disorder.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy and transactional analysis on sexual function and sexual satisfaction in female patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: In this study, 20 women with bipolar disorder who referred to the Gyrus Specialty Neurology and Psychiatry Clinic in Tehran from April to August 2022 were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: mindfulness-based therapy, transactional analysis therapy, and a control group. All participants completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) by Rosen et al. (2000) and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale by Larson et al. (1998) before and after the intervention. The mindfulness-based therapy group underwent eight 90-to-120-minute sessions held twice a week, while the transactional analysis group received treatment in nine 60-to-120-minute sessions held twice a week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis. Findings: The results indicated that both mindfulness-based therapy and transactional analysis therapy had an effect on sexual function and sexual satisfaction in female patients with bipolar disorder. Moreover, a comparison of the effectiveness of the two therapeutic approaches across all dimensions showed that mindfulness-based therapy had a greater impact on sexual function and sexual satisfaction in female patients with bipolar disorder compared to transactional analysis. Conclusion: Therefore, the use of mindfulness-based therapy is recommended in psychology clinics.