درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Teaching media literacy to students pursues several goals, including creating creative, critical, and scrutinizing thinking about the media content and performance, as well as recognizing the visual forms of communication using it, along with other reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. This research aimed to design a curriculum model for media literacy in the second grade of elementary school and to validate it. The research method was qualitative-quantitative and it was applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative part, the media literacy curriculum model was identified using the synthesis research method based on the analogical model and the Klein model. Then, in order to validate the mentioned components, the obtained information was provided to experts in the field of curriculum planning and media and information management. The scope of the research was in the range of 2006 to 2021 for domestic documents and in the range of 2005 to 2021 for foreign documents. The statistical population in line with the model validation was experts in curriculum planning and media and information management. In order to validate the entire research, the statistical sample consisted of two groups of 10 experts in the field of curriculum planning and media and information management, who were selected based on the minimum number required to evaluate content validity. The data collection method in the validation stage was researcher-made questionnaires. Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was used to measure the content validity. Results showed that the goals of the media literacy curriculum in the second grade of elementary school include two kind of goals: general goals (achieving Iranian-Islamic media culture) and partial goals (empowering students and teachers). The content of the media literacy curriculum in the second grade of elementary school included functional consumption education, critical consumption education, functional production-consumption education, and critical production-consumption education. The learning-teaching strategies used were presented in two sections: teacher’s activities (teaching method) and students’ activities, and the evaluation element was defined in three levels: students, teachers, and curriculum and educational content. Also, the results showed that the grouping in the media literacy program in the second grade of elementary school should be based on the individual and socioemotional characteristics of the students. The required resources and facilities were continuous improvement of the media literacy curriculum for the second grade of elementary school, compilation of the media literacy textbook for the second grade of elementary school, provision of educational facilities and media training assistance for second grade of elementary school students, and development of research in the field of media education. In choosing the time and place in the media literacy program, time and place flexibility in the presentation of teaching content was emphasized. Based on the results of this research, the suggested model of the media literacy curriculum of the second grade of elementary school can be used and implemented in the education system.

Purpose: The school principals’ competence plays an important role in improving the education system. As a result, this study aimed to investigate and present the competency model of high school principals. Methodology: The current research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of implementation. In the qualitative part, the research population was the educational management experts of Guilan province in the academic year of 2021-22, and according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 15 of them were selected as a sample using targeted and snowball sampling methods. In the quantitative part, the research population was the principals of the second year high school in Guilan province in the academic year 2021-22, and according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan, 127 of them were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part, whose psychometric indicators were checked and confirmed. The data of the qualitative part were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in Maxqda software, and the data of the quantitative part were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis method in Amos software. Findings: The results of the qualitative section showed that 137 indicators, 17 components and 5 dimensions were identified for the competence of high school principals; so as to include the dimensions of belief (with the components of cognition, belief, value and behavior), rational (with the components of discretion power, future studies and effective decision-making), personal (with the components of creating a positive environment, needs assessment, mental health and the flourishing of talents), managerial (with the components of human/general skills, perceptual/maturity skills and specialized/leadership skills) and educational (with the components of teaching and learning process, educational supervision and guidance, and educational evaluation). Also, the results of the quantitative section showed that the factor load and the average variance extracted of the dimensions and components were higher than 0.50 and their content validity and reliability ratio with Cronbach’s alpha method was higher than 0.80. In addition, the Competency model of high school principals had a good fit and each of the dimensions had a significant effect on the corresponding components and each of the components had a significant effect on the corresponding indicators (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the competency model of high school principals, planning to improve and promote the competence of school principals through the identified dimensions, components and indicators seems necessary.

Purpose: The current research was conducted with the aim of designing the national identity curriculum model for the second elementary school. Methodology: According to the nature and scope of the research, various qualitative methods were used to achieve the research objectives, which include: a) grounded theory, to design the national identity curriculum model in the elementary school; b) Thematic analysis method to determine the characteristics of elements of national identity in primary school textbooks to achieve the curriculum model of national identity. In part A, the community was studied by experts in the field of national identity, including experts in social sciences and educational sciences and upper education documents. The method of gathering information from experts was through semi-structured interviews with 36 teachers and experts. Also, the interviews were conducted based on the grounded theory in three stages of open, central, and selective coding, and the obtained concepts were classified into categories and subcategories. Findings: National identity curriculum model was presented in two dimensions of why and the necessity of national identity curriculum and how national identity curriculum in the form of a conceptual model, including the necessity and need (needs assessment), goals (general goal and partial goals), content (principles of content organization, content selection), teaching methods, learning, teacher's role, and evaluation methods. Conclusion: Among the features of this model, we can refer to being native, attention to individual, social, ethnic and national characteristics, being scientific, simplicity, originality, educational outlook and active approach in teaching and learning.

Women have always been of cultural relevance as one of the most important elements of the society. The central role of women in cultural development has caused significant increase in the attention to these areas in recent years. The main aim of this research has been to interpret the women's status in cultural development and improvement. For this purpose, first based on theoretical principles and the literature available in this regard, the initial conceptual model was prepared. Then, based on the opinions of the statistical population of the research, as experts specialized in culture, interpretation of the indices of this model has been done. The sampling method in this research has been cluster, with the sample size determined as 384 using Morgan table. In this research, for measuring the research indices, questionnaire has been used. The reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach alpha coefficient, and its validity via construct validity method. The results of this research led to identification of the major indicators and components affecting the women's status in cultural development and improvement.