درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of the content of the educational network - growth information with the educational needs and interests of its users. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation method. The research community of students and teachers of the second-high school of Nazarabad city were in the academic year of 2018-19. The sample size was calculated according to the Cochran's formula of 345 students and 105 teachers, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research instrument of the researcher-made questionnaire had two forms of student (41 items) and teacher (34 items). Their formal and content validity was confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method for both student and teacher forms were 0.98. Was obtained. At the descriptive level, data analysis of central orientation and scattering indicators including mean, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage were used, and at the inferential level, t-test was used to test statistical hypotheses. Findings: The findings of the present study showed that the average content of the educational network - growth information in terms of needs and interests of students and teachers and their five dimensions in both groups including knowledge needs, skill needs, attitude needs, interests and thinking ability and problem solving below It was moderate (P <0.05). Conclusion: Due to the incompatibility of the content of the educational network - growth information with the educational needs and interests of students and teachers, it is necessary to design and prepare appropriate content after proper and comprehensive educational needs assessment.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was investigating the role of Philosophy for Children (p4c) teaching approach in increasing first grade female high school students reading comprehension in Tehran educational five zone. Materials and method: From all statistical population 60 students were selected through multi cluster sampling and were assigned to experimental (30) and control (30) groups randomly. Data collection was done through employing reading comprehensions section of preliminary English test (pet). Philosophy for Children (p4c) teaching approach were performed in 10 sessions, 90 minutes every session. The research method was semi-experimental including pretest- post-test with control group following a follow up stage. Analysis of covariance and t test were employed for data analysis. Findings: The results show that there was a significant difference between experimental and control group in post-test stage. T-test results found a significant relationship between (p4c) approaches and improved post-test scores. Discussion: It means that those students who received Philosophy for Children (p4c) teaching approach outperformed their peers in control group. So (p4c) approach can be considered as an effective method for improving students reading comprehension method.

The horse especially those in black or white assume a much enigmatic stance in the Iranian culture and as we know, color plays the role of the decoder to a great number of concepts in legends. The black color represents often mourning and darkness. In Europe, the black color is viwed negatively. A person wearing black, or a black snake both are deemed as icons which represent dark and hopelessness. The dead are celebrated in black atmosphere within the church. Black, as opposed to white, was normally regarded as Ahriman and the forces related to him such as falsification, wickedness and evil throughout the ancient Iranian legends. From the very beginning of the "Legend of Creation", Ahura Mazda is in the bright Upper-World whereas Ahriman resides in the dark Lower-World. Nonetheless, in the same culture, black enjoys aspects of positive connotation such as in the black horses of the Kings in the Shahnameh which would signify their power. The color of the horse is often proportionate to the character of its rider in so far as the horses of heroes such as Kay Khosrow and Siyavosh are black ones too. Conversely, white in most cultures particularly in the Iranian one, is included within the colors which enjoy positive connotation notwithstanding a few exceptions. Among them, white horses and black ones have variant and significant stances and roles in the Persian Literature and Culture. The present article aims at a comparative study of the "black' and "white" horses in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi.