درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Sometimes unconsolidated silence also becomes the hallmark of universities and science centers. The silence that forced this question into question was how high the academic load of graduates of cultural universities was? This question is important because the student teacher in his future career becomes a cultural affairs community, in other words, the expression of a teacher who is the founder and the founder of cultural affairs in his own community, to the extent that the university has a cultural background in the modern world and the world. The traditional one gets to know, and whether in a university, with regard to the units, a teacher-student is so acquainted with the cultural ideas of the world of his own tradition and the modern world that, at the time of teaching, he can identify the path from the well, and the strategies for strengthening cultural foundations and the foundations and cultural principles of the traditional world and the modern world, and the challenges they face during student studies. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and the scope of the article is related to the university-related student-teacher culture. Findings of the research: In contrast to the cultural foundations in the traditional world and the modern world, if a scientist student is really bloated, he can, during the practice, teach, adapt and rationalize the values ​​of the traditional world and the modern world. To make no one sacrifice for another, and to give each other the right to culture as much as it deserves.

Purpose: Cigarette smoking annually threatens the health of thousands and causes the deaths of its consumers and even their neighbors, mainly due to the dumping of carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide by smoke. In addition, nicotine in person's cigarette smoke also causes psychological disorders (such as anxiety and depression) that are added to physical symptoms. Methodology: These issues are the main motivation for health professionals to find an effective way to quit smoking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback training on reducing depression, anxiety and temptation in cigarette smoking in Isfahan smoker’s volunteers. In this study, the sample size was 30, and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects. The 42-item questionnaire of the DASS questionnaire was used to measure the depression and anxiety of the two groups in the pre-test and post-test phases, and the Fagerstrom test was used to assess the nicotine dependence of the subjects in the post-test pretest. Findings: The experimental group received 15 sessions of neurofeedback training. Each session included 20 minutes of practice. This tutorial was conducted with the help of the DeyMed device and TruScan software to amplify the alpha wave amplitude in F3-F4 and Fz-Pz areas, and the theatrical wave suppression. Discussion: The data were analyzed using SPSS software using covariance analysis method. The results showed that the effectiveness of the neurofeedback exercises on reducing the anxiety, depression and temptation of smoking in the experimental group was.

Purpose: The present study aimed to analyze the content of new primary school Farsi writing books in Iran considering the components of social competence. Methodology: The research method is a combination of descriptive survey and quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research included 150 experts of Educational Sciences and the content of six course books of Farsi writing books of the primary school. Therefore, sampling method in this study was census method. The data collection tools in a study were a questionnaire and data record checklist. The validity of the tools was evaluated and confirmed by referring to the experts and correlation test was used to test the validity of questionnaire tools and determination coefficient was used in order to assess the validity of the data record checklist. The correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.82 and determination coefficient was calculated as 0.78 showing high reliability for the research tools. Findings: In this investigation, one main question and five detailed questions were asked. In the answer to the first detailed question, a component of skills the familiarity with which is the need of primary school students was determined by asking the experts and the factor analysis. Based on four skills by Felner and the affirmed components for primary school students and content of books, the rest of the questions were analyzed and the results of the analysis were studied with the help of frequency descriptive statistics and percentage. The results of response to the first question of research showed that 30.87% of the content of primary school Farsi writing textbooks in Iran has discussed social competence component that is a relatively good deal. But the disadvantage of the imbalance is for the emphasis on four skills of social competence that exists in all textbooks. Discussion: The entire content of the books more emphasizes on cognitive skills and less emphasis is on the emotional skills.

The horse especially those in black or white assume a much enigmatic stance in the Iranian culture and as we know, color plays the role of the decoder to a great number of concepts in legends. The black color represents often mourning and darkness. In Europe, the black color is viwed negatively. A person wearing black, or a black snake both are deemed as icons which represent dark and hopelessness. The dead are celebrated in black atmosphere within the church. Black, as opposed to white, was normally regarded as Ahriman and the forces related to him such as falsification, wickedness and evil throughout the ancient Iranian legends. From the very beginning of the "Legend of Creation", Ahura Mazda is in the bright Upper-World whereas Ahriman resides in the dark Lower-World. Nonetheless, in the same culture, black enjoys aspects of positive connotation such as in the black horses of the Kings in the Shahnameh which would signify their power. The color of the horse is often proportionate to the character of its rider in so far as the horses of heroes such as Kay Khosrow and Siyavosh are black ones too. Conversely, white in most cultures particularly in the Iranian one, is included within the colors which enjoy positive connotation notwithstanding a few exceptions. Among them, white horses and black ones have variant and significant stances and roles in the Persian Literature and Culture. The present article aims at a comparative study of the "black' and "white" horses in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi.

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on citizenship behaviors with respect to the role of self-determination-based identification, supervisor: identification and organizational identification. Methodology: The present study is descriptive in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. It is also considered a field study in terms of data collection. The data collection tool is questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated and confirmed by technical experts and experts of the hospital human resources department and, its reliability using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study is all the staff of Rasool Akram Hospital. Using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method, 220 people were studied as the final sample of the research. Structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The results showed that employees’ identification (organizational identification, supervisor identification and self-determination-based identification) had a significant mediating role in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusion: Finally, in order to promote identification with the aim of strengthening the citizenship behaviors of employees in this field of healthcare and treatment, practical suggestions were presented