درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Considering special geographical location of Dargaz Plain in Razavi Khorasan province, identifying the cultural evolution there during the Parthian period can answer many questions about this relatively unknown historical era of Iran. Besides, it can help us better understand the origin of the Parthian culture in Northeast Iran. This research was carried out in the form of a reconsideration project during the field studies of Dargaz Plain. In this regard, Dargaz Plain was surveyed during one season, and as a result, 84 sites belonging to the Parthian period were identified. The main purpose of the research was to study the distribution patterns of Parthian settlements and their spatial relations with each other based on environmental variables. The most important environmental indicators in explaining the settlement patterns were analyzed via attributes such as altitude, water resources, slope, communication routes, vegetation, and land use, as well as the characteristics of the sites, including size and chronology using the geographic information system (GIS) and the cluster analysis method. The results indicate that during the Parthian period, the area witnessed an increasing growth in the nomadic population compared to permanent settlements, and in general three settlement patterns were identified: small and large villages, an urban center, and nomadic and seasonal settlements.

The ability to recognize and compare shapes and understand the concept of proportions is one of the first human findings from environmental geometric data. And certainly the formation of geometry as a science of recognizing the arrangement of lines, shapes and levels and proportions leads to the definition of golden proportions in the mathematical sciences as a new way of organizing shapes and forms. Golden and geometric proportions are effective as a determining element in the scale of spatial forms, and the formation of spatial forms by not using or misuse of geometric proportions is due to functional and psychological interactions on human perception and cognition. Which causes the construction and formation of scales and proportions of the environment and the emergence of psychological effects due to human activities in the environment. And then the abnormal effects and environmental dysfunction on the saccade system of the human eye and as a result the feeling of fear and lack of belonging to the place interacts. On the other hand, nature as the raw material of creation, and the principle and mother of man, which causes him to model the proportions in nature. Understanding the laws governing the relationships between elements and spatial shapes leads to the formation of geometric and golden proportions in the spending of space. Because knowing the symbol of shapes, proportions and scales in the world of meaning and kingdom is reminiscent of the divine order in all dimensions of the world (even in astronomy). Therefore, evaluating the values ​​of spatial proportions in nature as the bedrock of human life and the pattern of psychological perceptions, leads to the adoption of human activities. Also, the study of human needs on a mental and psychological scale from the perception of the environment causes the recognition of scales and dimensions by human visual senses, which leads to the perception of the correct golden and geometric proportions through Sakadi eye movements and psychophysical sciences. . Certain ratios can also be observed in the creation and design of various shapes in nature. These relations are those geometric relations that have immaterial roots and follow the spiritual and supernatural principles, believing that their subject is sacred, and have a symbolic language and spiritual characteristics. In the traditional world, geometry was inseparable from the other four Pythagorean sciences, namely arithmetic, music, and astronomy. And traditional geometry is also associated with the symbolic composition and shapes of space. To this end, the study of the effect of golden and geometric proportions on human visual perception of the architectural environment based on the sense of belonging to the place, causes visual quality to increase the sensory richness of the place and achieve human values ​​and criteria in the sense of belonging to the place and human needs. To be considered by the architect. In this research, with the perspective of this identity and the interaction of geometric and golden proportions and the sense of belonging to the place, the criteria and indicators of the research have been studied and the results have been presented in the form of tables and diagrams.