درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

A healthy and profitable banking system can better withstand economic shocks and play a more effective role in the sustainability and stability of the financial system. The creation of this type of banking system is possible when all financial institutions operating in a country's money market are sound institutions and have appropriate financial indicators. The experience of the recent financial crisis and the devastating effects of transition the crisis from the monetary sector to the real sector of the economy have shown that it is necessary to pay more attention to the issue of banking health. Therefore, the main purpose of this article was to investigate the factors affecting the asset quality ratio of the country's banking system, as one of the main indicators of banking system soundness with the emphasis on business cycles, macroeconomic variables and banking variables in the time period between the years 2001 to 2018. The statistical population in the study was 29 banks operating in Iran. In this research, the dynamic panel model, system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) has been used to achieve the desired goals. The results show that business cycles have a significant negative correlation with the quality of assets in the banking system. Also, all macroeconomic and banking variables have a significant correlation with the ratio of asset quality in the banking system.

In the Iranian economy, the oil sector has a significant position; So that changes in oil price affect various economic sectors and markets, including the stock market. The stock market is one of the principal financial markets that can potentially attract the country's uncontrolled savings and liquidity in the form of an efficient channel and improve economic growth and development by turning it into investment. Therefore, it is essential to examine the relationship between oil price and Iran's stock market returns. Given the importance of the issue, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the co-movement between OPEC oil price and returns of the Tehran Stock Exchange market. To analyze the relationship between two variables, applied the wavelet coherence approach and utilized daily data during the period of 2009-2021. Findings show there is a positive correlation between oil prices and stock market returns. Comparison of the data in annual time-frequency scale indicated that the oil price and stock market returns are in phase from 2009 to 2011, and is observed a positive relationship between them. From December 2011 to August 2015, both variables are in phase, and oil price is the leading factor in the stock market. During the period 2015 to 2021, both variables are in phase, but coherency between oil price and stock market returns is not observed.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of food price uncertainty on food security in Iranian householdsduring the period 1981-2018 in a nonlinear model. To estimate uncertainty, the Generalized Autoregressive Score Model, and to estimate the effect of food price uncertainty on food security, the Smooth Transition Autoregressive model has been used. The results show that food price uncertainty in the first regime (low level of investment in agriculture) has a negative and significant effect and in the second regime (high level of investment in agriculture) has a negative and non-significant effect on food security. In the first regime, where the level of investment in the agricultural sector is below the threshold, as food price fluctuations increase, market uncertainty increases and signals with less transparency to producers and consumers. Under these circumstances, consumers will face the problem of reduced purchasing power and insecurity in access to food, which has a negative impact on food security. While, in the second regime and increasing the level of investment in the agricultural sector, the negative effects of uncertainty on food security can be partially offset. According to the results of the present study, officials should take effective steps on one hand, by prioritizing the financing of investment in the agricultural sector and facilitating the conditions of activity of the private and cooperatives sector in this field like moving from traditional to industrial agriculture. On the other hand, to reduce the price gap, regulate the market demand of agricultural products, and create conditions for food price stability, create a kind of protection against short-term fluctuations and shocks.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) as a growth accelerating component has received a great attention in developed countries even in developing and less developed countries during recent years. It has a matter of greater concern for the economists how FDI affects economic growth of the host country economy. In closed economy there is no access to the foreign instruments and savings, this type of economy solely based on the domestic savings and investment sources. But in open economy, the investment comes from both sources either from domestic savings or foreign capital inflows like FDI. FDI enables the host country to achieve the investment level beyond its capacity to improve GDP and economic growth.  FDI encourages the process of economic growth by filling up the saving-investment gap; transferring advanced technology, new entrepreneurship. This study investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth in 30 Islamic countries. The econometric model is estimated by using Pooled Mean Group (PMG) for dynamic heterogeneous panels over the period 1992-2018.  The results of the study show that FDI inflows have positive and significant effects on economic growth. Of course, the impacts of interaction terms between FDI and human capital; FDI, and trade openness on economic growth are more than each of them separately in the long and short run.  The study suggests that the Islamic governments should design and implement appropriate fiscal, monetary and trade policies to make and improve an enabling environment to attract foreign Capital inflows as a supplementary source of domestic investment.

Based on the World Health Organization (WHO), the efficiency of the government health system plays a vital role in improving the citizens’ quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between political stability and corruption within the health system. The (ARDL) bounds testing approach was used in this study. The data of this study was collected from the second season of 1997 to the fourth season of 2018 once in every season and were analyzed into two groups. In the first group, infant mortality, mortality of children aged under 5, and life expectancy are dependent variables, and gross domestic product (GDP), immorality, and health care expenses are independent variables, and in the second group, the explanatory variable, namely political stability, were added as independent variables. According to the long-term results, in the first group, GDP and government health expending have a negative impact on children and infant mortality; moreover, GDP, government health expenditures, and political stability have a negative impact and corruption has a positive impact on children and infants' mortality in the second group respectively. The effects of all four variables on life expectancy were negative, which can be justified by the indicators of sustainable development and the environment. Therefore, more attention is needed by planners to allocate resources along with the leverage of corruption control and strive for political-economic stability that undermines long-term growth and prosperity.