درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study deals with spotting the grammatical errors committed by the Iranian students majoring in English translation while translating the Persian sentences into English and investigating the effect of two teaching methods, including Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) and Communicative Language Teaching Method (CLT), on minimizing these errors. For this purpose, the grammatical errors in the translation of thirty students were identified. These errors were analyzed and classified according to Keshavarz’s model of error analysis.  The students were divided into two groups; the first group received the learning materials based on GTM, and in the second group CLT was applied. Afterward, a test which included English sentences extracted from Modern English 1 and 2 was designed based on the errors taken from the corpus compiled by the students’ translations. Then the frequency of the errors in both groups were analyzed by SPSS software to determine the significance of using these methods on minimizing the grammatical errors made by the students in their translations into English. To determine the level of significance, the probability value was calculated for raw errors, GTM and CLT errors. The analysis of Pearson correlation showed that both methods had their significance; however, the communicative method proved to be slightly more effective than the other. Undoubtedly, this does not mean to underestimate the efficacy of grammar translation method since it seems that it plays a complementary role in teaching environment, and achieving better pedagogical results cannot be prescribed on a single method.

La sémiotique est une méthode qui fournit une analyse exhaustive des différentes manières de la construction et de la saisie du sens. Et la sémiotique de l'espace se penche sur l'étude des configurations spatiales dans le discours et relève les effets de sens dont elles sont l'origine.Mahmoud Dowlatâbâdi est un auteur réaliste contemporain iranien dont l'œuvre couronne l'espace, non plus comme un simple décor mais en tant qu'une instance productrice du sens. En plus, l'Absence de Solouch est une vaste étendue où résonne le silence, surtout à travers les hétérotopies.Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, l'auteur contemporain français, répand la voix du silence dans toute son œuvre et dans Désert , le silence se présente plutôt comme le fruit de l'étendue de l'espace.Basée sur les théories de la sémiotique de l'espace, la présente recherche a pour objectif de montrer comment l'espace se libère de sa nature référentielle pour pouvoir signifier et comment le silence se crée à travers les formes spatiales. Dans ce dessein, l'étude de certains éléments dont les couleurs, l'ensemble du bestiaire et le vent nous paraîtra inévitable.

The purpose of the present article is to investigate Peter Carey’s Jack Maggs (1997) within a theoretical context set by Linda Hutcheon’s definition of parody. In Hutcheon’s view, parody is a repetition with critical distance. Hucheonian parody allows the adapted work to challenge and ironically transform the form and the content of the hypotext in order not to ridicule but to create. The central questions of this research are: How does Jack Maggs employ Hutcheonian parody within the broader postmodern narrative discourse to view its source text with a critical distance? And, how does Hutcheonian parody engage Jack Maggs in contemporary social debates? In order to answer these questions, the research applies various aspects of Hutcheonian parody to Carey’s novel. The present paper demonstrates that Carey’s Jack Maggs recontextualizes Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations (1860) in a new Australian setting. It also argues that the novel, which has mostly received positive responses and reactions from both literary critics and general readers, illustrates Carey’s parodic attempt to revisit one of the most renowned novels of the Victorian era. The present research contends that Jack Maggs is a critique of nineteenth-century realism and, more broadly speaking, of master narratives.