درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Nulle part dans la maison de mon père, roman autobiographique d’Assia Djebar, représente la condition des femmes de l’Algérie vers les années 1940-50. D’autres écrivaines francophones ont traité certainement de tels sujets, mais le point de vue de Djebar est remarquable. De même, la littérature persane voit surgir une file de romancières qui traitent dans leurs œuvres la condition féminine en Iran de leur temps. La protagoniste de La Bohémienne près du feu, roman de Moniru Ravanipur, symbolise d’une certaine manière les femmes de son temps. Dans la recherche présente, pour mieux cerner le statut de la femme de manière contrastive et nous attarder sur l’univers social du texte, on se propose de recourir à l’approche sociocritique s’efforçant de déceler la socialité de l’œuvre littéraire à travers l’analyse des niveaux textuels. Appuyée sur le rôle intermédiaire de la langue, cette méthode aide à relever dans le texte littéraire les traces de la situation sociale contemporaine à l’œuvre. En nous référant à la méthode sociocritique préconisée par Pierre V. Zima, nous procédons à l’analyse des deux romans pour y clarifier le statut de la femme par rapport à l’homme et chercher les racines de cette position dans les circonstances sociales extérieures.

The present research seeks to read Steve Toltz’s novel A Fraction of the Whole in terms of the Lacanian three orders. Its central argument is to reveal the affinity between Lacanian three orders that the characters undergo. In the course of A Fraction of the Whole , Martin Dean in pursuing his desire to gain power and strength, passes through three stages of Lacanian theory; the Imaginary Order, the Symbolic Order, and the Real Order. Both Martin and Jasper in Toltz’s novel have problematic relations with their mothers in different ways. Therefore, the Imaginary Order plays a vital role in shaping the characters’ subjectivity. To examine Lacan’s concepts of subjectivity, desire and Others in the Symbolic are the aims of this study. The main objectives are explaining the role of three Lacanian orders in shaping the identity and subjectivization of the characters. It is concluded that Jasper wanted to have an object of love in the Symbolic Order, so he preferred his own uncle, Terry Dean, over his own father. His father was the dominant figure in the Symbolic Order for Jasper as Martin tried to manipulate his son’s mind through words and language. Martin was stuck in a loop of life and death through the Symbolic Order of his life and there was no way out for him and he had turned into a traumatic character. Martin’s experience of the Real Order was shown as he found out that his own mother wanted to kill him by poisoning Martin.

Dynamic Assessment, referred to in this paper as DA, is one of the various methods of adopting a particular evaluation procedure in order to identify possessed language skills of individual learners in addition to their learning perspective. The dynamic assessment procedure in other words accentuates individuals’ learning potential before and during a systematic curriculum. This would help examiners to conduct the most fitted criteria for future sessions.  DA, derived from Lev Vygotsky’s (1989) Socio-cultural Theory (SCT) and his concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), is based on the view that observing individuals’ independent performance discloses the results of their past development, while the purpose of most assessments is prediction of learners’ future performance. The present study thus reviewed the Iranian literature on DA due to the significance of the topic. To this aim, the theoretical background of DA will be first explained. What follows next is the section on the approaches to DA that are fully examined. Finally, recent related studies conducted on DA in Iran will be addressed and reviewed.