درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Quand Ibn Batouta, le voyageur arabo-musulman, au XIVème siècle, visite les régions subsahariennes de l’Afrique, il n’a pu cesser d’admirer la qualité des écoles religieuses de ces pays et la motivation des peuples africains à l’égard de l’apprentissage des sciences islamiques. Depuis le temps des Marabouts traditionnels jusqu’à l’ère moderne et le lancement des projets de télé-éducation coranique chez les communautés musulmanes de l’Afrique, les habitants de ce continent montrent une soif croissante vis-à-vis les études théologiques. Les origines philosophiques et les caractéristiques mentales de cette quête de religiosité à l’africaine créent une singularité minutieuse dans les conduites confessionnelles de ces communautés. La question de l’E-Learning et l’enseignement à distance à travers les plateformes informatiques, dans le continent africain surtout dans la région subsaharienne, exigent, à leur tour, certaines particularités qui sont parfois négligées pas les structures iraniennes actives dans ce domaine. Cet article envisage d’aborder les mêmes particularités par une vision pathologique afin d’offrir un profil plus réaliste et plus concret des potentialités de la cyber-formation en matière des sciences islamiques en Afrique subsaharienne. Les difficultés d’avoir accès à Internet pour une partie des usagers de cette région, la nécessité d’élaborer des sources offline, l’importance accordée aux gadgets popularisés et aux nouveaux moyens de télécommunication comme le Podcasting et la micro-diffusion grâce à Bluetooth, la considération de l’esprit socioculturel des usagers africains dans la conception des cours virtuels, la localisation des données de base pour les sociétés cibles, se présentent en tant que les premières préoccupations au niveau des technologues et des pédagogues des établissements iraniens qui se donnent l’objectif de profiter des potentialités du cyberespace africain pour faire entendre les messages pacifiques et salvateurs du vrai Islam dans ce chaos des medias occidentaux et des prédicateurs wahhabites. Cette recherche se voit donc un texte pragmatique en vue d’évoquer les nécessités et les devoirs parfois oubliés de la cyber-formation dans le secteur des études islamiques en Afrique subsaharienne.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of word clustering method on vocabulary learning of Iranian EFL learners through a case of semantic versus phonological clustering. To this effect, 80 homogeneous students from four intermediate classes at an English institute in Torbat e Heydariyeh participated in this research. They were assigned to four groups according to semantic versus phonological clustering [± semantic, ± phonological] then, based on each groups' clustering pattern, 10 selected words were taught. At the end of the treatment phase, immediate and delayed posttests of vocabulary were given to students in a multiple choice format to understand the effects of word clustering in short and long term vocabulary learning. The analysis of the research was done in SPSS through one-way ANOVA. The results in both immediate and delayed post-tests showed a statistically significant difference among groups. The obtained mean scores revealed this rank order of mean performance in both immediate and delayed post-tests: [+ semantic, + phonological], [+ semantic, - phonological], [- semantic, + phonological], and [- semantic, - phonological]. Additionally, the effect of time did not turn out to be significant. These findings and relevant implications are discussed in the paper.

Phonological awareness has been defined as the speaker’s sensitivity to the phonological characteristics of a language. The present study is aimed at exploring the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ explicit phonological awareness, their foreign accentedness and speech comprehensibility as perceived by native and non-native English-speaking EFL teachers. To determine the relationships, the researchers used a set of tasks that measured 34 EFL learners’ phonological awareness in five domains of rhyming, alliteration or onset, segmenting, blending, and manipulation. They also asked the participants to read a short text which was recorded and later rated for accentedness and comprehensibility on a 9-point scale. Results indicated that there was a significant correlation between the learners’ phonological awareness and perception of foreign accentedness. The same was true about the correlation between phonological awareness and speech comprehensibility. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was found between foreign accentedness and comprehensibility, suggesting that foreign accentedness could affect comprehensibility of L2 speech. The findings suggest that pedagogical strategies that highlight formal properties of language be employed in second language classrooms to reduce learners’ foreign accent and increase their speech comprehensibility. 

The present study aims to model systematic risk using financial and accounting variables. Accordingly, the data for 174 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange are extracted for the period of 2006 to 2016. First, the systematic risk index is estimated using the ARFIMA-FIGARCH model. Then, based on the research background, 35 affective financial and accounting variables are simultaneously used with the help of the backward elimination and forward selection method for modeling. After analyzing and evaluating the variables in Eviews software, the four variables of debt ratio (CL. E), size (SIZE), net profit to sales ratio (NETP. S), and interest rate coverage ratio (ICR) are selected in the backward elimination method. In the forward selection method, in addition to the above variables, operating profit margin (OPM) is also chosen. The estimated model of these variables in both methods shows a low ratio of R2 coefficient that is approximately 7%. In the test case, the model of forward selection method has less error in all four criteria of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and Tile coefficient (TIC) compared to the backward elimination method.