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Involvement Load Hypothesis (ILH) and Technique Feature Analysis (TFA) are two frameworks which operationalize depth of processing of a vocabulary learning task. However, there is dearth of research comparing the predictive power of the ILH and the TFA across second language (L2) vocabulary learning tasks. The present study, therefore, aimed to examine this issue across four vocabulary learning tasks (i.e., reading with glosses, keyword techniques, word card, and reading and finding the words in text) ranked differently by the ILH and the TFA. To this end, 80 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners were randomly assigned to one of four tasks of learning 16 target words. The results of one-way ANOVA, LSD Post hoc tests, and multiple regression analyses showed that the TFA had a better explanatory power than the ILH in predicting vocabulary learning gains. The findings highlight the TFA as a more powerful framework.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to identify and explain dimensions, components and indices of human resource development in Sama organization. Methodology: The study method was applied in terms of purpose, mixed (quantitative-qualitative) exploratory in terms of data type, and descriptive-correlational survey in terms of data collection time. The statistical population in the qualitative part included the academic experts and officials from the Sama organization (chairmen and assistants, human resources department, human resources experts, assistants in the units, human resource officials in the units), among them, 15 people was selected as the sample size using judgmental sampling method based on the theoretical saturation principle. The statistical population in the quantitative part included all staff of Sama organization, whose number was 2898 (2223 permanent employees and 675 temporary employees). Out of this number, 391 persons were selected as the sample size using multistage random cluster sampling method. Findings: In this research, the data obtained from the qualitative part were analyzed through content analysis, and the collected data in the quantitative part, according to the research questions, were analyzed through descriptive (mean, standard deviation, tables, etc.) and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling, exploratory factor analysis and one-sample T test) using Spss and Lisrel software. Conclusion: The results showed that empowerment, job performance and improvement are the elements of human resource development in Sama organization. Also, given to the proposed mechanisms, facilitators and barriers, a model with appropriate fit was designed

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate a new dimension of prevention that is called resilience. Methodology: The study seeks to find that resilient young people in similar economic conditions do not suffer from any substance or deformity. The method of this study was comparative causality and the statistical population included 18-29 year olds who were randomly assigned to 700 out of those who were overweight or delinquent and 700 healthy young people. Tools Measurement of the questionnaire (checklist) was made by the researcher and the scale of the relationship between male and female. Findings: The findings showed that healthy young people had a significant difference in effective factors in comparison with young people who were not healthy. Discussion: Regarding the most important personal and family factors that were discussed in this study, having the ideal ideals in young people is an effective factor in resilience and should be considered in educational and social planning. Family life The presence of parents responsible for parenting skills, a positive family atmosphere and intimate relationships with children, adolescents and young people should be mentioned. In order to establish parenting skills for interacting with children and childcare, we need to correct the gap in this field. As a result, research findings provide a new dimension of prevention that can be used to educate teenagers and youth.

Purpose: Today, women's participation in economic and business activities, along with the evolution of their employment, has created fundamental changes in their traditional role. The purpose of this research is to examine the women's semantic understanding of their developmental experiences at senior management positions in higher education institutions using a qualitative research methodology in narrative studies. For this purpose, an in-depth interview was used to access narratives. Methodolgoy: The research participants comprise 20 women in senior management posts in Tehran's higher education institutions who were selected through purposive sampling. The findings of the study, using the method of thematic analysis, have identified the factors that promote women's development in senior management positions in three themes: individual, organizational and socio cultural, and five themes of growth and training and family, personal characteristics, attitudes of employees and officials, community attitudes.Findings: The findings of the study, have identified the factors preventing women's development in senior management positions in three main themes of individual, organizational and cultural-social and seven themes of growth and training and education, family, personal characteristics, discrimination, attitudes of employees and officials, community attitudes, cultural stereotypes. Conclusion: Research shows that successful women leaders have unique a self-concept that allows them to overcome traditional gender boundaries.