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Muslims are consensus on the principles of Islamic beliefs (‘usūl), though wide differences have appeared among them on the secondary beliefs (furūāt), including the infallibility (‘isma) of the prophets, especially the holy Prophet of Islam (PBUH). Some believe in the fallibility of the prophets and hence the holy Prophet of Islam, referring to some verses of the Holy Qur’an. They argue that although the prophet’s infallibility can be proved by rational reasons, rather than the words from God Almighty, as he himself took them from Him, if there are verses indicating the fallibility, then such infallibility shall be criticized and refuted through such verses. In this article, based on the analytical-citation method, different opinions on the holy Prophet’s (PBUH) immune from sin and their evidences are mentioned. In addition, the verses argued by the critics of the infallibility of the Prophet are mentioned. An investigation of the interpretations of these verses show that they not only do not indicate to this claim, but also prove the infallibility of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) at the highest level.

One of the first and most important principles of the interpretation of the Holy Quran is the issue of the sanctity of theThe holy prophets performed miracles as a One of the first and most important principles of the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an is the issue of the sanctity of the Holy Qur’an. The meaning of the holiness of the Qur'an is that the Qur'an (both in word and meaning) is from God. And human beings and other creatures, including jinn, angels, etc., have no involvement in its creation. Therefore, this Qur'an is holy, so it is pure and completely true, and unlike the unholy texts, it cannot be criticized or damaged. When it is said that the Holy Qur'an is sacred both in word and meaning, this statement implies three characteristics of the Holy Qur'an: the divinity of the words of the Holy Qur'an, the soundness of the text, and its wisdom. In this article, the discussion of the divinity of the words of the Holy Qur’an has been examined and an attempt has been made to prove by quoting the verses of the Holy Qur’an that both the words and meanings of Qur’an are from God and it is not human but it is divine.  

Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Tha'labī Nayshābūrī is one of the Shafi'ī commentators in the fourth and fifth centuries AH, whose commentary under the name of Al-Kashf wal al-Bayān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’an is an important source for commentators after him. In this commentary, among the countless narrations narrated from the Companions and Followers, the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (AS), as well as of their merits can also be seen. This has led to sharp criticism of Tha’labī and his interpretation by some of Sunni scholar. On the other hand, the existence of this feature in his interpretation has attracted the attention of some Shiite commentators. Out of about 455 narrations narrated from Ahl al-Bayt (AS) in the commentary of Tha’labī, 292 narrations from Ali ibn Abitalib, 77 narrated by Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, 35 narrated by Muhammad ibn Ali, 22 narrated by Ali ibn Husain, 12 narrated by Reza, 11 narrated by Hasan ibn Ali, 3 narrations from Mūsa ibn Ja‘far, 2 narrations from Hussein ibn Ali, and 1 narration from Fatemeh Zahra (AS), which are very small amount in comparing with other narrators but it is important. This article has used descriptive-analytical method: typology, study and evaluation of narrations narrated from Ahl al-Bayt (as) in the Tha’labī's interpretation.

The commentary attributed to Imam Hassan ʿAskarī (AS) is one of the narrative commentaries with about 379 narrations; which is unique in its kind with nearly one hundred late manuscripts. This work, apart from the indifference of cataloguers and translators to it, is controversial in various aspects, such as: "date of authorship, attribution of the book to the author, sanads and content of the book". One of these problems, which needs to be considered, is the review of the sanads of this book; both in terms of examining the form of sanads in manuscripts, and in terms of examining the narrators of sanads, in terms of omission and rijālī translation. In the present study, while introducing five types of sanads of this commentary and also the rijālī study of the narrators of the sanads of this commentary up to Sheikh Ṣadūq, it was found that this work, which most likely belongs to Nāṣir Aṭrūsh and is from Zaidi heritage, has about two hundred years old; Also, in the rijālī study of ten narrators of its sanads up to Sheikh Ṣadūq, it was found that apart from the Irsāl of these sanads, most of the narrators of this work are "unknown or weak". It also seems that Sheikh Ṣadūq did not have this book, at least in its current form.

Objective: <span class="fontstyle2">This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: <span class="fontstyle2">The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of all members of the MS Society of Iran located in Tehran in 2019, and the sample consisted of 60 members of the Association who were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (15 people for each group). All four groups were tested by DASS-21 scale, and then the experimental groups underwent mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy in 12 Two-hour sessions for 12 weeks, but the control group did not receive any training. Analysis was performed using SPSS22 in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: <span class="fontstyle2">The results of analysis showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been effective on reducing stress (f= 110.90, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 88.92, p <0,001), and depression (f= 32.29, p <0,001) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also it was shown that logo therapy was effective on stress (f= 264.60, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 175, p <0,001), and depression (f= 305.07, p <0,001), and schema therapy was effective on reducing stress (f=110.90, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 88.92, p <0,001), and depression (f= 32.29, p <0,001) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also, the comparison of means showed that in the variables of stress, anxiety, and depression, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy were effective. Conclusions: <span class="fontstyle2">The findings of this study confirmed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy were effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: <span class="fontstyle2">Diabetes is a chronic, multifaceted and threatening disease which has significant psychological complications. The purpose of this study was comparing the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills Training (DBT-ST) on cognitive emotion regulation in patients with type II diabetes. Method: <span class="fontstyle2">The design of this quasi-experimental research was a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients with type II diabetes referred to Baghban (Touba) Medical Clinic in Sari in 2019, among whom 45 patients were selected through the convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned into three groups. The first group received ACT, the second group received DBT-ST, and the third group was considered as a control group. Data were collected using a 36-item Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefsky et al., 2001) in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, and were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis. Results: <span class="fontstyle2">The results showed that ACT and DBT-ST were significantly more effective on cognitive emotion regulation for the experimental groups compared to the control group (effect sizes 0.911 & 0.967, respectively). The effectiveness of DBT-ST compared to ACT was more significant on cognitive emotion regulation scores (effect sizes 0.967) at (P>0.01). Conclusion: <span class="fontstyle2">Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that ACT improved psychological indexes and mental health of patients with type II diabetes due to acceptance of unfavorable emotions and thoughts, commitment, and DBT-ST for emotion regulation and mindfulness components

objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group therapy in cognitive-behavioral manner on anxiety, stress and despair of Multiple sclerosis patients in Tehran. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test with control group. Twenty patients referred to the available medical centers were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. In this study, Kalmogorov-Smirnov, Levene and Covarians tests were evaluated with Spss software. also, Beck Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire, Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and Beck's Hopelessness Scale questionnaire were applied to collect data. Results: The results of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control group of anxiety, stress and despair with 95% confidence level. Therefore, all three main hypotheses were confirmed and the null hypothesis was rejected. In reducing anxiety, stress, and despair in MS patients, group therapy is effective in a cognitive-behavioral manner. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy reduced stress, anxiety and despair in patients with MS and improved mental health of these patients. Therefore, this treatment method can be considered a treatment in clinics.

Objective: Pathogen disgust has evolved as a psychological adaptation in response to the avoidance of disease-causing organisms. Recently, evolutionary social psychologists have proposed the existence of a behavioral immune system that has evolved to avoid pathogens as a psychological adaptation. However, researchers claim that the concept of a behavioral immune system is not the same as pathogen avoidance. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to investigate whether the behavioral immune system is the same as the pathogen avoidance system or has a broader meaning. Method: using Google Scholar database keywords such as disease avoidance, pathogen disgust, the behavioral immune system were searched. PubMed for the behavioral immune system, system over perception disease cues, and disease over perception bias was investigated. All-time periods were used for this review study and more than two hundred documents were reviewed and extracted according to the criteria. Results: The findings show that there are three main mechanisms involved in the behavioral immune system. This system includes the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms. Therefore the results showed that the behavioral immune system has a broader meaning than the pathogen avoidance system. Conclusion: Research on physiological correlations with emotional experiences shows that disgust is evoked in response to pathogen-related stimuli and is associated with unique patterns of autonomic nervous system and neural activity. However little is known about the functional connections between anatomical structures, neurochemical processes, and various cognitive and behavioral phenomena that are the manifestations of the behavioral immune system, and more studies are needed in this area.