درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study was based on research findings designed to identify the characteristics of an independent learner in a distance education system and to develop a standardized test to measure the characteristics and skills of an independent learner in a distance education system with e- learning. Based on the theoretical foundations of the research and the background of previous studies, while identifying the characteristics of an independent learner, a tool was developed under the name of “Independent Learner’s Characteristics Test (ILCT) in the distance education system with e-learning”, and the reliability of the factors of each item in the tool was measured and standardized using the exploratory factor analysis method. The present study, also, discussed and scrutinized the development and standardization of ILCT. The present study is an applied research which uses both field and documentary methods. It was carried out with a mixed method with quantitative and qualitative strategies. In order to develop and standardize ILCT, the characteristics of motivation, intelligence, and emotional intelligence were selected and evaluated as necessary characteristics of a learner from among other characteristics using the Delphi method according to the views of experts and professionals of educational and cognitive psychology sciences. Data on each characteristic was collected using available standardized questionnaires2. The questionnaires were prepared electronically in the form of a “temporary website of the questionnaire” and the website URL was provided to the virtual students of the Payame Noor University. A total of 452 postgraduate e-students studying at Payame Noor University of Iran answered the questions. The results were analyzed using SPSS (21.0), STATISTICA (8.0) and LISREL (8.7) softwares using an appropriate statistical method. In the end, the final test based on extracted results and standardization of the items was introduced under the name of “Independent Learner’s Characteristics Test (ILCT) in the distance education system with e-learning” for use by learners, teachers, planning authorities, content producers, etc. in distance education systems

In the third millennium, the number of environmental variables and the nature of the complex relationships between them have resulted in the complexity of competition in the business. Accordingly, the role of organizational intangible capital has been more touchable than ever. Actually, as the intensity of competition increases, the importance of intangible capital enhances and the importance of physical and fixed capital decreases. Due to its geopolitical situation and the presence of extensive maritime boundaries in the north and south, Iran possesses countless strengths and opportunities to obtain maximum resources and benefits from this God-given blessing. Therefore, preservation and expansion of maritime institutions in Iran has been raised as an undeniable necessity in all short- and long-term government plans. This study aims to have policy making regarding the management of organizational intangible capital and its impact on knowledge productivity in maritime institutions of the country. Participants were the experts of Iran’s maritime organizations, which include IRI strategic Navy, the Ports and Maritime Organization, and the National Iranian Tanker Company. Standard questionnaires were employed for data collection. Results showed that focusing on intangible organizational capital in the policy making of maritime institutions can have a significant impact on knowledge productivity in them, which can lead to benefiting from national capacities in maritime studies.