درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Verbal signs or strains that are responsible for expressing the concept; especially the words that are synonymous and apparently imply a similar concept, are among the subjects considered by the text-researchers of the Qur’anic verses. In this regard, examining some words from the semantic network of science, jurisprudence, news, awareness, taste, insight and tact, which are used in the meaning of knowledge, require a semantic research. In this article, the description and analysis of some words from a semantic network of "ʿAllama", "Naba ʿ", "Anas" and "Adrī", are discussed. And the elegant use of these words and their fields of application have been explained with a comparative research and comparison of the cases of using these words that convey the meaning of awareness. One of the achievements of this research is that in seemingly synonymous words, the verbal stems of Anbāʼ, such as Anbaʿa, Nabbiʼ, Nabī, are used in news about occult important matters. And using words derived from "Dirāyat" such as "Adrī and Tadrī are in cases where it refers to spiritual matters and truths that cannot be realized with a glance or superficial attention. Therefore, the description or knowledge of facts such as "Ḥāqqah", "ʿAqabah" and "Laylat al-Qadr" are expressed with the expression "Adrīka" and they call the audience to thinking.

The term of brownfield and its redevelopment has been considered extensively in the world urban planning literature. However, the nature of the brownfields and the differences between how they are created in countries have caused this term to be defined based on the contextual and typological conditions in each country, involving a wide range of lands. Meanwhile, despite the high importance of brownfield development in improving the quality of urban life, this issue is still neglected in the urban planning system of Iran. Therefore, this study is aimed to propose the definition of brownfield sits in Iranian cities and their typology as a policy to help reconsider them in urban development plans. After presenting the adaptive criteria extracted from the relevant literature, experts in this field were interviewed to determine the main categories of this concept in the country’s cities using the grounded theory qualitative method. Then, the rules and regulations related to the categories were reviewed to finally define this concept and present its comparative typology. The findings show that in Iranian cities, the brownfield sites comprise abandoned sites or lands including activities that pollute the environment, being incompatible with authorized urban activities. According to this definition, twelve types of brownfield sites can be identified in Iranian cities, in which the activities are incompatible with urban activities and they require intervention for development, and one type includes lands with no function at present, in which development has occurred previously.

Improving the thermal comfort of occupants in indoor spaces is one of the objectives of improving building cons truction techniques. In temperate and humid climates, window shutters are utilized as a protective shield during s torms. They can also block the view from the outside environment into the room. In this s tudy, we looked into how the inner climate condition was affected by various design patterns of these flexible envelopes. Vernacular architecture in humid and temperate climates can be used to describe different window shutter sizes and shapes. These shutters include both entirely rigid or perforated types. Window shutters are utilized as adjus table enclosures outside building windows that allow occupants to adjus t their position or location. Occupants in this area frequently open windows during extreme heat to ventilate the building and enhance the inner climate.In this regard, while using natural ventilation, we compared the twelve sample models with window shutters with various opening inlets to those without these flexible envelopes. We concluded after looking at several variables that flexible envelopes with an inlet area of 12.5% to 25% of the flexible envelopes produce better inner climate conditions.