درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Instructional materials as a basic component of curriculums and a central constituent of standards-based programs play a provisional role in both setting the aims and leading the way. English textbooks in Iran’s public education are officially developed and used nationwide. One recently introduced English textbook series is Prospects (I-III) . It is intended for the the Iranian junior high schools and is normally supposed to guide teachers and provide students with the basic exposure to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. The textbooks, together with the lessons, have to be aligned in targeting educational objectives given the sequential nature of the intended grades and the serial contents of instruction. This study evaluated the vertical and horizontal alignment among the series’ textbooks and lessons drawing on Bloom’s revised taxonomy of educational objectives (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001). The evaluation initially involved descriptive content analysis of the activities within and across the textbooks using a checklist developed based on the taxonomy. Then, the content matrixes were subjected to Porter et al.’s (2007) alignment index for the statistical assessment of lessons and textbooks’ alignment. The findings generally suggested that the lessons were tuned adequately, albeit accommodating mainly lower-order knowledge types and cognitive skills at the cost of discarding the higher-order ones. In addition, the statistically positive and significant PAIs of 0.93, 0.78, and 0.74 between Prospect I & II, Prospect I & III, and Prospect II & III, respectively pointed to a harmony in the series’ content. The paper discusses the findings and implications in the Iranian EFL context

Most studies on Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) have focused either on ESL or EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices. However, it is still not known how teachers who teach second or foreign languages other than English will provide information on the learners’ written language production. To bridge the gap in the literature, this current study reports on an interview study investigating nine university lecturers’ beliefs and their actual practices about WCF on an assignment done by the third-year exchange student of Thai as a foreign language (TFL). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through feedback tasks and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated that there was alignment between teachers’ beliefs of their WCF practice and their actual practice in terms of types of WCF and feedback techniques. However, the amount of feedback provided and the teachers’ time constraint, not the level of students’ ability as they thought, appeared to be the reasons for these misalignments of TFL teachers’ beliefs and practices

The present study was conducted to identify novice and experienced Iranian EFL teachers’ beliefs towards the most effective written corrective feedback types and the most serious errors they might address while correcting students’ paragraphs and see whether there exist any tensions between what they believed and what they practiced through the methodology of pre-observation interview, observation, and post-observation interview. The results revealed that for novice teachers, there were fewer tensions between their stated beliefs and observed practices, yet this tension was more obvious while interviewing experienced teachers. Some implications for language teacher education will also be discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to prepare a hybrid simulation model of system dynamics (SD) - agent-based modeling (ABM) to investigate the mobile service consumers’ behavior in the country. By using the suggested in this article, first the necessity to analysis consumers’ behavior is explained and then the effective factors on mobile ecosystem which influence the consumers’ behavior are explained . For each factor affecting on the ecosystem, related simulations were performed and then by combining system dynamics modeling - agent -based modeling, the behavior of mobile service consumers in the first operator of the country (Hamrahe Aval Company) was examined and finally the income affected by that behavior is analyzed . Results indicated that if no funds by the operator are allocated to the development of native applications and digital platform, after 2 years, the number of active customers of the operator will decrease because of the activities of cultural organizations. By the operator entering into the field of native application production and digital transformation, consumers tended to use more data services instead of voice calls, but because of different data and voice tariffs, the operator's income will not change much in the next 2 years. With the increase of marketing and advertising activities, despite the greater consumer inclination to use data, the main income of the operator decreases, which also needs more attention of policymakers in this area .

Nowadays, marketing researchers are constantly striving to identify consumer behavior and therefore to find appropriate solutions for better and more effective sales and increase market share. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is the role of customer clustering in designing a targeted marketing model. The research method is applied and exploratory. The statistical population of the study was in the qualitative part of sales and marketing managers of IoT companies who were selected by non-random sampling method and 15 people were interviewed. The quantitative part also included all the customers of the companies surveyed. Due to the unlimited population of Morgan Table 384 persons were selected as the sample size. Data gathering tool was interview and questionnaire, which were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire by the opinions of marketing experts and Cronbach's alpha reliability. Content analysis approach was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and PLS2 software in the structural part. The results showed that the dimensions of the model in the four main clusters were communication factors, behavioral factors, individual factors, and economic factors. Model performance is very high performance.

The present study aimed to rank banks in terms of board of directors report and notifying the users of reports. In addition, we evaluated factors affecting risk disclosure from the perspective of corporate governance. Moreover, we assessed risk disclosure based on linguistic analysis of board report text and capital adequacy ratio. Words were applied as measurement units to measure risk disclosure. The advantage of this technique is the unique analysis of words. According to the theoretical foundations presented in the present study, we first identified risk disclosure words in reports provided to financial information users and divided them into two categories of positive and negative risk disclosure words. Another variable selected for risk disclosure was capital adequacy ratio. Effective variables in corporate governance system in banks included the board independence, duality of CEO duties, and major shareholders as input variables in data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. On the other hand, the BCC model of DEA was selected as output-based nature. The statistical population included all banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In total, 20 year-bank units listed during 2016-2017 were assessed. In the end, seven year-bank units were considered efficient while the rest were inefficient. Moreover, we estimated the amount of shortage in outputs to reach inefficient banks to the desired level of efficiency.

The most comprehensive criteria for evaluating management performance is economic value added, accounting added value, and over-valuation, which can best reflect how managers operate because of the information content that they provide. Therefore, considering the importance of earnings, this study investigates The Role of Earnings Management in Economic Growth and the Corporate’s Growth Illusion in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012-2018 using systematic elimination method of information of 150 selected companies. The study data and theoretical foundations were collected through library studies. Hypotheses were tested using correlation method and multivariate regression. The results showed that with increasing in real earnings management, economic value added and accounting added value also increased. Also, with the increase in revenue earnings management, economic value added and accounting added value also increase. But there was no significant relationship between accrual earnings management and income with accounting added value. There is a positive significant relationship between actual earnings management resulting from abnormal and overvaluation operating cash flows and, there is a positive and significant relationship between accrual earnings management and overvaluation.