درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The target bridges in this s tudy were cons tructed during the Safavid era in Isfahan city and are considered as one of the mos t important components of the urban s tructure; during his tory. They have shown various functions in addition to their role as a connecting route, which has varied from individual scale to collective spaces over time. This research s tudy is trying to find out the architectural components affecting the public presence in these urban buildings, specifically in two bridges called, Allahverdi Khan (Si-o-se-pol) and Khajoo bridge in the contemporary era, to see if they would correspond the needs of today’s urban residents. To get this aim, the qualitative research approach was adopted based on an interview framework. To answer the ques tions was arranged based on three functional, physical, and s tructural aspects of these bridges, and a significant result was achieved by applying qualitative content analysis. The architectural components influencing the public presence were included eight general components and sub-components. These items were either in line with or opposite to each other, including the social functions and the contemporary space of bridges, the bridges’ cultural and physical s tructure, the shaping context of the bridges and the memorability of them, the environmental psychology and the related aes thetics aspects. According to the content analysis outcomes, a functional review of the space of these bridges in the future can lead to the qualitative improvement of architecture and space of them.

The ultimate goal of architectural s tudios is creative design. To achieve this goal, evaluating creativity in architecture education is considered as one of the important pillars of education. Due to the need for evaluation, the purpose of this s tudy is to cons truct a tes t for measuring design creativity based on Torrance's components of creativity in architecture so that it can be used in design education. Therefore, this s tudy seeks to create a measurable criterion for the components of Torrance using the innovative problem-solving method of Triz to evaluate creativity. The present s tudy is descriptive-correlational. The research sample includes 32 architecture s tudents selected by the available sampling method. Tes t validity is confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis ((χ2 / df = 1.68), (CFI = 0.97), (GFI = 0.98), (AGFI = 0.97) and (0.08 = RMSEA)), which shows that the model fits the data. The correlation between the creativity scale in architecture and Torrance creativity and CREE is significant, indicating the scale's convergent validity. In addition, through the split-half technique and in the method of random pairs, the. coefficient of validity for the component of flexibility, originality, expansion, and the total scale is equal to 0.90, 0.80, 0.75, and 0.91, respectively. Due to the good psychometrics of this tool reported in the research, it is a valid tool that can measure the increase in creativity components in architectural design and can be used in architectural s tudios and educational and psychological research

Presently, half of world population lives in cities and in many countries such as Iran, most of people live in cities and metropolitans. The city evolution and new conditions in metropolitans are considered uncontrollable and it is believed that the future base of mankind forms in cities as Park points the city as the natural habitat of human in modern age. The urban population deals with various and somehow annoying problems as it can be said that most of social damages are appeared in cities. The urban management faces with difficult responsibility of controlling these damages. This paper attempts to study the citizen's social vulnerability in Tehran according to urban social space approach. Here, different views such as Chicago school, Dickens theory, Castells theory and social approaches such as Chicago school and social disorganization theory are applied. The paper is a survey and questionnaire is the tools of data collecting. The results showed the high rate of citizen vulnerability in relation with research variables such as self-alienation, rationalism, less emotional relationships, less social integration and more individualism.