درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The beginning of the Pahlavi period marked the onset of rapid changes. Architects, alongside the ruling power in the new conditions, sought to create a new Iran that aligned with global thought, while simultaneously preserving identity and occasionally fostering a sense of nationalism. Both the building and the educational system changed in response to shifting times and political developments. The traditional educational system evolved into the modern educational system. The research method is historical-analytical, drawing on both field surveys and library studies. This article aims to explain the principles and components of architectural design, presenting spaces that align with the structure of contemporary life, thereby enabling continuity and connection between the past and the present. For this purpose, the present study selected valuable examples from the Pahlavi period to present the components of Tehran high schools and analyzed the data using SPSS software and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Then, the sign test was used to examine the status of the research variables, and the non-parametric sign test was employed to investigate the relationship between the facade and plan characteristics of the Pahlavi and modern periods. Finally, it was concluded that a significant number of Pahlavi-era buildings were influenced by the structures of the modernist era, according to experts. These buildings, of course, possess identity and cultural value and can be introduced as valuable examples.

Le Corbusier's Domino system, introduced in the early 20th century, marked a turning point in modern architecture by proposing a modular framework based on slender columns and reinforced concrete slabs. This structural innovation facilitated standardization, industrialization, and rapid construction, influencing landmark projects such as Villa Savoye and the Pessac housing complex, as well as later mass housing developments. Despite these advantages, limited research has critically examined the relevance of the Domino system in light of contemporary architectural and environmental standards. This study aims to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the Domino system within its historical context while exploring its potential adaptability to present-day needs. The research employs a descriptive approach to explain the system's conceptual features, an analytical approach to assess selected case studies, and a comparative approach to measure its performance against current architectural criteria. Data sources include scholarly literature, visual and graphical documentation, and environmental records, enabling both historical and technical analysis. Findings reveal that the Domino system significantly contributed to the rationalization of building processes and provided a foundation for prefabrication and modular construction. However, its emphasis on structural regularity often resulted in spatial monotony and insufficient responsiveness to cultural, climatic, and ecological factors. The study highlights the importance of integrating adaptive strategies, sustainable materials, and advanced technologies. Contemporary tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), parametric design, and modular prefabrication can reinterpret the Domino framework, ensuring flexibility, contextual sensitivity, and ecological performance. By bridging historical innovation with modern requirements, the Domino system demonstrates enduring relevance when reimagined through contemporary architectural practices.

The accelerated pace of urbanization in Iranian metropolises has underscored the need to reevaluate the role of public spaces in promoting public health. This study investigates the influence of urban public spaces on enhancing the physical and mental well-being of citizens in the metropolis of Tabriz. Adopting a quantitative and analytical method, data were collected through a purposive documentary review and field studies. The statistical sample consisted of visitors and users, with an average of 5,000 individuals per public space. Using Cochran's formula and a 10% margin of error, 96 questionnaires were collected for each space. Considering the existence of eight urban spaces—including Sa'at Square, Maqbarat-ol-Sho'ara, Shahid Beheshti Square, El-Goli Park, Golestan Park, Tarbiat Pedestrian Path, Valiasr Park, and Laleh Park Commercial-Recreational Complex—the total number of questionnaires required for this study was 752. Documentary data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, while field data were examined using descriptive statistical techniques. The findings demonstrate that accessibility, safety, environmental design quality, social vitality, and opportunities for physical activity are critical factors contributing to public health improvement. These urban public spaces, beyond their recreational and social roles, function as strategic infrastructures for health promotion in large cities. The results suggest that integrating a health-oriented approach into the design and governance of public spaces can substantially enhance the quality of life in Iran's metropolitan contexts.