درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

تحقیق حاضر تکرار طرح پژوهشی دیگری است برای پیدا کردن عوامل زیر بنایی خصوصیات موثر معلمان زبان انگلیسی (CEELT) بعد از انتخاب نمونه آماری همگونتر و نماینده تر. به این منظور پرسشنامه CEELT تالیف شده توسط معافیان و پیش قدم (2008) به 1469 زبان آموز ایرانی که انگلیسی را به عنوان زبان خارجی در مدارس دولتی و موسسات خصوصی مختلف در مشهد تحصیل می کردند داده شد تا سه فرضیه مرتبط با استحکام روابط بین خصوصیات، تعداد عوامل استخراج شده و خصوصیاتی که روی بیش از یک عامل لود می کنند مورد بررسی قرار گیرند. وقتی که از روش تحلیل عاملی برای استخراج عامل سازه ای استفاده شد چهل و هفت خصوصیت مورد مطالعه به دلیل داشتن همبستگی درونی زیاد با یکدیگر تنها روی پنج عامل برقراری ارتباط صمیمی، عادل بودن، صلاحیت شغلی، تسهیل و برگزاری امتحان لود کردند. نتایج حاضر بیانگر چندین التزام پژوهشی است. اول اینکه همبستگی بین متغیرها و آمار KMO که مبین کافی بودن نمونه گیری است بایدگزارش شوند. دوما نمونه آماری می بایستی شامل حداقل یک هزار شرکت کننده و ترجیحا دارای نسبت سی نفر برای هر خصوصیت مطرح شده باشد و بالاخره تمام خصوصیاتی که روی بیش از یک عامل لود می کنند می بایستی گزارش شوند. لودهای چند عاملی بیانگر ضرورت اتخاد نگرشی چند بعدی نسبت به آموزش زبان و برقراری ارتباط معنادار بین خصوصیات معلمان و توانایی هایی از قبیل پیشرفت تحصیلی و بسندگی هستند.

The importance of input has been a broadly documented concept in the field of second or foreign language acquisition. However, kinds of input and ways of its presentation are among the controversial issues in L2 classroom research. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the effects of three kinds of input-based instruction on intake and acquisition of the English causative structures by Iranian EFL learners. A total of 105 university students in four intact classes were randomly assigned to four different conditions: processing instruction (PI), textual input enhancement (TE), consciousness-raising (C-R), and control (CO). A pretest/posttest (immediate and delayed) design was used, where participants’ ability to interpret and produce the target structure was assessed through administering a multiple choice interpretation test and a sentence-level production test. Moreover, a grammaticality judgment test was run to assess the amount of intake. Results revealed that learners in the PI group significantly outperformed learners in the other groups on both immediate/delayed production posttests. The findings also indicated that, C-R group could not retain the significant effect of instruction on delayed production posttest and TE tasks were not effective in improving the learners’ production of the target structure. Moreover, the PI group outperformed the other groups on grammaticality judgment test too. Based on these findings, we can conclude that PI which encompasses the most outstanding features of both focus on form and meaning instruction might be a more effective approach in helping EFL learners to acquire the target grammatical forms.

Articles in general and definite articles in particular can create problems even long after all other aspects of English have been mastered. The present article investigated the learnability problems related to the acquisition of count-mass distinction of English nominals by Persian L2 learners. The theoretical underpinning of the study is the interpretability hypothesis (Tsimpli & Dimitrakopoulou, 2007) arguing that the features which are semantically interpretable can be acquired. To this end, 50 learners constituted the participants of the study and completed a forced-choice elicitation task requiring the use of articles. The results of the study substantiated the interpretability hypothesis. Nonetheless, the advanced L2ers showed a conservative behavior in the mass context. They significantly opted for a/an in wide scope indefinite non-referential de/re context. The findings reveal that article suppliance creates more learnability problems in the plural and indefinite mass contexts compared to the count singular ones.

The present study is a theoretical attempt to illustrate how Fillmore's Scenes and Frames Semantics (SFS) could be employed as a framework to portray the process of understanding and translating hybrid texts. It first reviews the origin of SFS; then it maps SFS onto Nida’s linguistic model of translation process and the Interpretive Theory of Translation; it examines in the next section, within the framework of SFS, different forms of understanding and translating hybrid and pure texts with reference to the selection of linguistic frames and more importantly the activation of scenes. The paper explains all four processes of hybridization, dehybridization, rehybridization and hybridity preservation using SFS. The study concludes that, although hybridity is a complex phenomenon, Fillmore’s scenes and frames semantics can adequately explain and justify its different aspects and manifestations. Moreover, it revealed that understanding, seen in SFS model, has an element of individuality and this gives rise to a broader perspective on translation where there can potentially be as many valid translations as there are translators. This has significant implications for our conception, analysis and assessment of translation.