درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Shia and Sunni commentators have come to understand some of the rules of the Qur'anic verses, and to understand and analyze these rules as one of the requirements of identifying and classifying various interpretative methods. While they have often not only have not explained the rules they have adopted, but also they have even used interpretive rules without specifying the rules, even under different names. Therefore, in order to evaluate the interpretive methods of the interpreters, one has to discover their unknown rules. The interpretive rule of "Beat one to frighten another" is one of the rules that this paper seeks to streamline its use in the Shia and Sunni interpretations in various times. This rule has been used by most Shia and Sunni commentators since its inception, sometimes by name and sometimes without mentioning the phrase "Beat one to frighten another" and has often been used to justify and analyze the verses blaming the Prophet. In the meantime, Shi''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''ite commentators have used this rule far more in the prophetic transcendence, in line with stricter theological principles in the field of infallibility. Examining many cases of the use of the interpretive rule of "Beat one to frighten another" in the multiple interpretations of Shia and Sunni regarding their time periods, suggests that commentators have never had a fixed and consistent method to use it, and they have often used this rule as a loophole. As even in the context of the verses of blame, not only have they not used this interpretive rule in a fixed way and below the specified verses, but also, when there is no collective way between the Book and the infallibility of the prophets, they have used the rule of "Beat one to frighten another" in a dispersed and unpredictable way along with some other rules.

Self-awareness is one of the key issues in life that every individual must possess for progress and advancement in their lives. It is highlighted in the Quran with terms such as insight and self-forgetfulness, and it is based on theological, ontological, and anthropological foundations. Each of these foundations has educational effects. The present study discusses the anthropological foundations of self-awareness in dimensions such as insight, orientation, and values, and aims to address the following questions: What are the cognitive foundations of self-awareness in the Quran, and what are their educational functions? What are the orientation foundations of self-awareness in the Quran, and what are their educational functions? What are the values foundations of self-awareness in the Quran, and what are their educational functions? Background Regarding the significant importance of this research, numerous activities have been carried out in the field of psychology with a religious approach, such as the book "Comparative Self-Awareness from the Perspective of Islam and Psychology" by Fatemeh Esfandiari, the book "Self-Awareness" by Samad Shah Mohammadi, the book "Self-Awareness and Self-Management" by Masoud Noorali Zadeh, the book "From Self-Awareness to Self-Knowledge" by Shahrbano Ghahhari, and articles like "The Relationship between Self-Awareness and God-Awareness" by Noorali Zadeh Miyaneji, Bashiri, and Jan Bozorgi in the Psychology and Religion Journal, no.19, article on the effectiveness of teaching self-awareness from the perspective of Islamic teachings on reducing students' psychological pressure by Amir Hossein Mousavi in the Psychology Studies Journal, no. 30, article on self-awareness and its educational functions in improving human social relationships in the Quran and Hadith by Fatemeh Saifali'i in issue 2 of volume 2 of the Journal of Educational Teachings in the Quran and Hadith, and others. However, no work has yet delved into the Quranic foundations that provide a fundamental and root-based look at this issue and its educational effects. It seems that this article may be the first work to address this topic. Methodology In this research, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to evaluate and analyze the main concepts including various dimensions of cognitive human foundations, self-awareness, and their educational effects in detail. This analytical method allows us to delve into a better understanding of the cognitive human foundations in dimensions such as attitude, orientation, values, self-awareness, and their educational effects from the perspective of the Holy Quran. General Research Findings Cognitive human foundations of self-awareness in the Quran are divided into attitude, orientation, and values foundations. The dual existence of human from body and soul, human's free will, and purposefulness are among the most important attitude foundations that significantly impact the fulfilling self-awareness and have educational effects such as attention to physical and spiritual dimensions, assisting human in the path of perfection, and enhancing human resilience, patience, and self-esteem. Purposefulness is directly related to self-awareness because without self-awareness, achieving one's goals and ultimate purpose is not possible, and without consideration of the hearafter, reaching the final goal is not achievable. Human nature and pure temperament, awareness of capacities, abilities, and shortcomings are among the most vital orientation cognitive human foundations that have a significant impact on the realization of self-awareness and have educational functions such as awareness of capacities, talents, and shortcomings as the starting point of self-awareness, recognizing capacities and shortcomings leading to strengthening confidence, increasing self-belief, and self-awareness. Human dignity, caliphate, and vicegerency of God are among the crucial values-based cognitive human foundations, each of which has a direct relationship with self-awareness and results in feelings of worthiness, self-esteem, and social status in society. Final Conclusion Cognitive human foundations of self-awareness in the Quran are divided into attitude, orientation, and values foundations, each of which has educational effects.