درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In the Sabab-e-Nuzūl of verse 8 of Surah Al-Insān, it is stated that the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) gave their food for three consecutive days while they were fasting and in need of that food. Apparently, the way of giving alms here is extremist and moderation is not observed in it. Therefore, there is a contradiction between the quality of food by the Infallibles (AS) and the verse Make not thy hand tied (like a niggard’s) to thy neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach, so that thou become blameworthy and destitute. (Isrāʼ/29) It is necessary to investigate this suspicion in order to protect the infallibility of Abrār. Therefore, this research has analyzed the mentioned conflict from two perspectives with a descriptive-analytical method: 1- The difference of context in the two verses 2- The difference in the existential capacity of human beings and the relativity of concepts. In the end, it is stated that the context of the word in Surah Al-Insān is praise and it cannot be contrary to verse 29 of Isrāʼ, in which moderation in almsgiving is recommended. Also based on the verse "On no soul doth Allah place a burden greater than it can bear." (Baqarah/286) and the differences in the existential capacity of human beings, the range of moderation in charity is different for each human being. Therefore, in the method of feeding, Abrār has observed moderation, but moderation at its highest level.  

Tafsīr-e-Kashshāf is one of the most important interpretations that has been considered by most commentators of the Qur’an. From Zamakhsharī’s point of view, the science of semantics and expression is the most important and necessary knowledge for the interpretation of the Qur’an. In his view, not only with the help of this science, the rhetorical aspects of the Qur’an are known, but also the subtleties and beauties of the Qur’an are known only in the light of this knowledge. According to Zamakhsharī, the most delicate and precise topics of rhetorical sciences are the industry of Takhyīl (i.e. some kind of imagination), without which the interpretation and understanding of the verses of the Qur’an is not possible. The industry of Takhyīl is a kind of compound simile that is used to depict wonderful meanings and indescribable concepts that cannot be explained by a simple description. Zamakhsharī, while considering the verses of the Qur’an as miracles, eloquence and rhetoric, does not count all the verses as rhetoric on the same level. Zamakhsharī has tried to prove the legitimacy of his religion by interpreting the verses of the Qur’an. Zamakhsharī has opened a new horizon in the subject of Qur’anic rhetoric and has been able to introduce new points and materials on the topics that Abdul Qāhir Jurjānī (d. 471 AH) has invented about the rhetoric and meanings of the miracles of the Qur’an.