درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Stress Coping Skills Training on Mindfulness of Female students. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Sixty-nine students were selected from among the girls of the 9th grade in Tehran during the academic year of 2017-18 and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer & et al., 2006) was performed in the pre-test phase and after training the skills of confronting stress with the experimental group, the questionnaire was repeated on both groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS19 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance). Findings: The results showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, the mind-consciousness scores of the experimental group significantly increased in the post-test phase. The results show that the teaching of skills to confront mind-tone stress increases students' awareness. Learning these skills will increase the decentralization and dare of students' exposure to stressful thoughts, which leads to higher awareness. Also, stress coping skills lead to cognitive reform and the ability to manage themselves, and subsequently their minds increase. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that teaching strategies for coping with stressful situations are an effective way to increase students' mindfulness.

Given that social institutions are the basis of any society, they must ideally operate in unison with functional necessities for any society to function and then flourish. The plethora of issues confronting Nigeria as a country may be traced back to weak, incompetent, and dysfunctional social institutions that have failed to alter the status quo. According to Talcott Parsons, society is analogous to the human body, and in order for the body to thrive, all of its elements must collaborate. For Nigeria to advance, all social institutions, including family, school, religion, politics, and the economy, must work together to create repeatable results. It is against this background that this paper sought to examine the role of family structure in Nigeria and their pro-activeness in propelling national development. Literature was extensively reviewed from relevant publications and journals and it revealed that the family structure in Nigeria is gradually becoming weak and dysfunctional. This is attributed to a lot of changes that are taking place in the institution of family which quite often poses a threat to the very survival of family system universally. It was then concluded that there is need for every family to hold with uttermost importance the place or morals, socialization and regulation of individual member of the family’s behaviour.

Purpose: The notion of “gender segregation” in the universities has often been challenged with different concurring and opposing theories. The issue has been further highlighted in Farhangian University. Although all the qualifiers in this university, prior to and during admission process, have been cognizant of such gender segregation, some elicit resistive responses pursuant to admission and passing some semesters, and then they present their commentary on the relevant implications. The present research seeks to investigate the consequences to gender segregation form the students’ perspective. Methodology: By applying a semi-standard interview and a purposive-qualitative procedure, an in-depth interview was performed on 33 students studying at least 5 semesters in the university, and the interview was terminated based on theoretical saturation. For data analysis, grounded theory was applied. Finding: The research findings were divided into 18 principal categories, and the category “dubiety (Tashkik, in Islamic Terminology) over gender segregation” was semantically reconstructed. The consequences of the dubiety were categorized in the two groups including consensus and inconsistent (i.e. contradictory) consequences. Conclusion: In the end, the research findings were presented in the form of a researcher-made model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-awareness education package based on the logo-therapy approach in order to improve the self-control of adolescent girls. Methodology: The method of this study was a combined method. The statistical population of the study was all theologians and professors in the field of the domain of logo-therapy. Sample size was determined by referring to the saturation rule of 15 people who were selected purposefully. In order to achieve the goal of research, the establishment of the general headings of the package, the conversion of general headings to more precise titles, establishment of the purpose for each heading, the compilation of the content necessary to achieve the purposes, qualitative and quantitative review of the package to the opinion of the experts, were done. Findings: The results of the content validity analysis of the package, according to the experts, showed that CVR = 0.73 and CVI = 0.83, both of them were in the optimum level and the content validity of the package was confirmed. Also, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for determining the internal consistency of experts in the component of self-communication was 0.73, in the component of communication with the others was 0.77 and for the component of communication with the universe was 0.79. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it is suggested that psychotherapists use the self-awareness training package (based on the logo-therapy approach) in order to correct attitudes to strengthen self-control in adolescent girls.

Purpose: The present paper aims to find the exact responsibility of maritime carriers under the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act. In this regard, the delicacy of the US legislature has always been considered by other legal systems. Also, the attitude of the Rotterdam Rules towards new issues, such as the entry of electronic shipping documents and the hybrid carriage into the industry, has created new dimensions in relation to the responsibility of carriers, which justifies such study. Methodology: The research methodology will be analytical-descriptive. In this method, the existing references on the subject are investigated to comparatively identify and describe the rights and duties of the maritime carrier. Then, based on rational-legal rules, the subject is analyzed to show the ambiguities and the real status of the subject. Findings: in considerations done, there are many important conventions like HARTER act, Hague on 1924, Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1936, the HAMBURG regulations on 1978 and ROTTERDAM on 2009, that have mentioned the marine transportation responsibility and these laws and regulations, behave with the factor of damages, based on the case and based on the responsibility and fault assumption related to the transportation responsible. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, has been trying to compensate The Hague convention deficiencies meanwhile referring some cases to the sub-regulations and using some ways and approaches and the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, has set some limitations for the responsibilities that sometimes the carriers put them for themselves and for example, each carrier, cannot decrease its responsibility to less than 50 American dollars, that is confirmed for each parcel in the law. Conclusion: the ROTTERDAM regulations, has started considering the dispensation of marine transportation responsible and meantime, has canceled the duty and fault dispensation in navigation and ship handling. And the ROTTERDAM convention, has opened new horizons in marine transportation by using door-to-door way to carry goods and prevail electronic documents and also, setting the volumetric contracts.

Abstract Purpose: This research conducted with the aim of presenting a model about risk management training in the insurance industry. Research method was practical in terms of objective; in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive-correlational; and considering the data type was quantitative. Methodology: The statistical population, consisted of all men and women working in the insurance industry (51882 individuals), from whom 384 individuals were selected as sample size, using a Stratified Random Sampling method and Morgan table. In order to collect data, made researcher questionnaire from available literature was used. Validity was approved by content validity according to academic experts and insurance industry viewpoint; and in order to calculate reliability, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used. Finding: Findings approved of the validity and reliability of the data collection tools. Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS and Lisrel software in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equations). Discussion: Findings showed that presented model consist of factors like principles of educational management, familiarity with risk management system, environmental factors, organizational resources, learning organization, social capital, and organizational culture had appropriate fitting.