درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The concept of teacher competency is one of the key concepts in the document of the fundamental transformation of education. Different researchers have presented three approaches in various terms for modeling competency such as adaptive approach, adaptive-design approach, and design approach. Top-down and bottom-up approach is another division of competency modeling. Methodology: The present study is operational in terms of purpose and the method of collecting its data, is mixed. In this way, the first part of the present study is descriptive-correlation because this study aimed to collect the necessary information for determining the teachers' competency indicators and is qualitative research method such as content analysis method to extract the components from the top-level documents contained in the document of the fundamental transformation of education. Findings: On the other hand, since one of the research goals is to extract a questionnaire to determine the indicators and attributes of teachers based on the high education documents, quantitative research methods and factor analysis methods such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Conclusion: Overall, the result of the present study shows that each competency is a complex combination of motivation, mental ability, practical knowledge and practical skill that increases the probability of a person's success in a certain role, which is clearly tangible, and the existence of it ensures him for the acceptance of responsibility of that role.

Purpose: This paper aims at studying the effectiveness of training metacognitive skills on academic achievement among the first grade female high school students. Materials & Methods: The population consists of the first grade female high school students in Shirvan in the academic years of 2014-2015.The sample includes 40 students and divided into two groups of 20 who were randomly grouped in experimental and control groups. The students’ means in two semesters was used as the tools of this paper. The methodology used in this paper is quasi-experimental, in which both groups took a pre-test, and then, the samples in test group were taught the metacognitive skills in 16 sessions, and finally, there was a post-test for both. Findings: The results show that training metacognitive skills can result in increasing the students’ academic achievement. Discussion: In this context, it can lead to more interest in education and learning as well as acquiring appropriate skills and experiences and finally, academic achievement.

Abstract Purpose: In the current research, the relationship between financing and the three factors of the quality of educational services, the quality of the educational environment and social interactions was examined. On the other hand, the relationship between the three mentioned factors and achievement of educational goals was also investigated. Methodology: the method was descriptive - correlational and variables were quantitative. Research was carried out at Universities and the sample was 214 teacher students and professors. The structural equation modeling approach was used for analysis. Findings: The results of this study indicate that financing have a direct relationship with the quality of the educational environment, the quality of educational services and social interactions. Based on the obtained factor obtained in analyzing the results, the most important method of stable financing was known financing. As a result, this study indicates that commercializing of researches and earning revenue from them was one of the most important financing solutions. Conclusion: Achieving educational objectives is one of the most important goals of educational institutions. This is important at the various educational levels; however, it is vital to achieve the educational goals in the universities that educate future’s professionals, teachers and teachers. The level of achievement of educational goals is also known as educational performance. This function is influenced by various factors such as the quality of the educational environment, the quality of educational effort, and social interactions. Achieving these dimensions requires development programs that undoubtedly require strong financing from various sources.

The increasing expansion of international trade, especially after World War II, on the one hand, and the interest of countries with free economic system to liberalize their commercial rules, on the other hand, have made law scholars to find ways to adapt with these changes. The result of this effort is called "International Trade Law." The necessity of economic and commercial cooperation between governments and the necessity of the cooperation of traders at the international arena as well as the uniformity of the laws and regulations governing documentary credits led the International Chamber of Commerce to for the first time introduce and approve this commercial customs and practice as a legal entity in 1933; these regulations were published under the title of Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCPDC) and were made available to traders. These regulations have been adapted to the changing commercial customs in line with the rapid changes in the world economy. The regulations are revised every ten years, and its latest revisions were published in 1993 under the title of the Publication 500. This paper will review the Iranian, US, and international law approaches bank documentary credits in order to explain the nature and legal implications of these international trade mechanisms in the light of the studies conducted, and, ultimately, make a comparison between the three legal sources mentioned.

Purpose: The efficiency of various organizations, especially educational organizations, depends to a large extent on the accountability of their principals. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to analyze the dimensions and components of promoting the accountability of secondary school principals. Methodology: This was an applied qualitative study. The study population included academic experts in educational management and educational sciences of Hormozgan province in 2020-2021. According to the principle of theoretical saturation, the sample size was estimated to be 10 individuals who were selected by purposive sampling method. The data collection instrument included a semi-structured interview. The validity of the above instrument was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was calculated 0.85 using intercoder agreement coefficient. Finally, data analysis was carried out by open, axial and selective coding method in MAXQDA ver. 2018. Findings: The results of the present research showed that promoting the accountability of secondary school principals consisted of 32 indices, 9 components and 3 dimensions as follows: social accountability with two components of commitment to others and justification of an action to others, organizational accountability with four components of monitoring mechanisms, reporting, downward accountability and internal accountability, and functional accountability with three components of individual accountability, transparency and participation. Finally, the model of promoting the accountability of secondary school principals was drawn. Conclusion: According to the results of the current research, in order to promote the accountability of secondary school principals, it is necessary to promote social, organizational, and functional accountability dimension and their indices and components.

Purpose: Educational strategies are methods which influence on learning quality and students can make use of them in their studying and learning in order to obtain their education and learning objectives. Methodology: The statistical population of the research was all teachers of primary schools in Iran who 330 ones were randomly selected as the samples by Cochran formula. The current research was investigating the educational strategies based on information and communication technology (ICT). Finding: Then, having reviewed the theoretical bases and history of the research, two factors (educational strategies based on information and communication technology between teachers and students) and 33 parameters have been extracted. and also makes teachers get prepared for providing educational and training programs, use facilities and various methods for presenting educational services, increasing scientific and professional level, increasing job-motivation, developing occupational skills, improving institutional management by school-centering approaches, improving informing system at schools, settling system of teachers' informing at schools.