درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The covid-19 pandemic caused many and extensive changes and transformations in educational teaching. Considering the importance of students' academic achievement, the aim of this study was to comparison the effectiveness of Bybee's teaching method as face-to-face and non-face-to-face on the academic achievement of mail students of the first secondary school in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This study was a semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was male students of the first secondary school in Zahedan city in the academic years 2019-2020. The sample size was 45 people (15 people for each group) who were selected by cluster sampling method and each of the clusters randomly by lottery replaced in three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Each of the experimental groups was trained with Bybee's teaching method as face-to-face and non-face-to-face and during this time the control group was trained with the traditional method. The data were collected with Pham and Taylor's academic achievement questionnaire (1999), which whose validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method 0.92 and analyzed by methods of univariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software. Findings: The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of academic achievement. In the other words, Bybee's teaching method as a both face-to-face and non-face-to-face in compared to the control group caused a significant increase in the academic achievement of mail students of the first secondary school (P<0.001), but between the experimental groups means Bybee's teaching method as face-to-face and non-face-to-face there was no significant difference in increasing academic achievement (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study mean effectiveness of both Bybee's teaching method as face-to-face and non-face-to-face on students' academic achievement and the lack of significant differences between them, to improve academic achievement can be used both Bybee's teaching method as face-to-face and non-face-to-face along with other effective teaching methods.

Purpose: Strategic decision-making plays an important role in organizational functions and its effectiveness. As a result, the aim of this study was to identifying and analyzing the dimensions and components of strategic decision-making for the managers of education regions. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population were experts in the field of educational management and human resources management and managers of educational regions of Tehran city in 2021 year, which according to the principle of theoretical saturation number of 14 people of them were selected as a sample with using the purposeful sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview that lasted 75 to 120 minutes, and their validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and their reliability was obtained by the agreement coefficient method between two coders 0.88. The data were analyzed by methods of thematic analysis and DIMTEL technique. Findings: The findings of the qualitative part showed that strategic decision-making for managers of education regions has 98 indicators, 23 components and 10 dimensions were include moral intelligence, individual skills, knowledge of organizational processes, cultural and value skills, knowledge of financial resources, power of change and transformation, knowledge and technology management, human resource management, intelligent planning and training. Also, the findings of the quantitative part showed that the dimensions of human resource management, intelligent planning, cultural and value skills, knowledge of financial resources, knowledge and technology management and training had more effective and the dimensions of knowledge of organizational processes, moral intelligence, individual skills and power of change and transformation had more influence. Conclusion: The findings of this study have practical implications for specialists and planners of educational systems, especially in the education system, and they based on the results of the present study, can take an effective step towards strategic decision-making.