درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The problem which has been the focus of city constructors and architectures since the beginning of citizenship life is the issue of the nature of environmental quality. This study, with a review of explaining paradigms of environmental quality and by reliance on basic works, has assumed the question of nature of environmental quality an interdisciplinary concept (civic construction, sociology, psychology) and is in seek of explaining perceptive quality factors from citizens' perspective. Since the nature of this study is multidimensional and understanding of its different aspects and answering of its relevant questions bounds researcher both to test present theories and to understand mental world of his or her subjects, therefore, synthetic approach has been applied for methodology of it. It should be mentioned that Delphi method has been applied so as to obtain different indices and factors of the study. To determine the unit of sampling, multiple-stage clustering sampling method has been used in a way that between 22 regions of Tehran municipality, based on their development, first 6 regions were selected and in the next stage all the local states of those 6 regions were listed and then six local states were randomly selected. Size of the sample of this study is 200 persons. The results show that most of the perceptive factors derived from qualitative section of the research conform to factors derived from quantitative section and questionnaire. In other words factors derived from qualitative section are the same as those derived from quantitative factors. The significant point to notice in this section is that some of the derived factors from this section couldn’t be categorized by previous theories but rather they belong to the research community of this study (i.e. local states of Tehran). Thus we can state that the total perceptive criteria of environmental quality of these local states are as follows: legibility, place atmosphere, permeability, peace, tranquility, liveliness, sensational rapture, time sense, civil justice, security, human standard, sociability.

Generally, studied villages as regard to the Socioeconomic structure have not considerable development in comparison with their around structure due to functional area. Nowadays, regarding rural development, proceeding with economical analysis of geographical areas has a great position. Considering the applied investigations, upon increasing the knowledge and literacy and scientific and practical skills, tendency for employment in the traditional areas has been decreased and interest for employment in modern and service departments has been increased as you may see in the Iran’s villages. We may say there are new and not discovered opportunities in these areas. Timely discovering and operating these opportunities, and constituting new and competitive businesses and works can provide salient socioeconomic privileges for the villagers. The results of this research indicates that the most proper rural development strategy in the region, environmental development and planning which is the optimum and sufficient pattern towards achieving the rural sustainable development in the region.

In order to promote and improve the quality of educational spaces and achieving a comprehensive statistics, evaluation and analysis of schools neglected in most Iran’s schools, while educational spaces play an important role in the social and cultural structure and population growing and schools as one of the most basic educational centers, study on this field is important. Therefore, schools evaluation (in the Shahriar city as a case sample) plays an important role in raising the scientific level of a country and development of urban physical planning in the field of education. It supposed that the schools of Shahriar city in terms of population, area and other qualitative and quantitative aspects are far from per capita and standards of the country’s modernization organization, and according to this hypothesis, to what extent are schools far from relevant standards in terms of population growth, and what are solutions to fix and reform schools? This study is a descriptive - analytical and field study, to collect data, city education department; organization of schools renovation, journals and valid books and papers were used. Then, the date of Shahriar city’s schools to determine its distance from per capita standard was assessed and compared. The study result shows lack of schools area in term of population and per capita standard was about 310 thousand square meters in Shahriar city that will reach to 700 thousand square meters in the future 25 years.

Background: This study aimed to identify factors contributing to the creation of intellectual capital in the organization of education. The research method is a descriptive and exploratory factor analysis method. A sample: directors and deputies of the second period Secondary Education Department of Tehran Province. Based on stratified random sampling method and based on a sample of 500 was calculated size formula. The research made questionnaire constitutes a measurement tool through which factors in the creation of intellectual capital was identified by the sample. Validity to help them with the help of factor analysis and reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha equal to 78/0. And finally analyzed by factor analysis of main components were analyzed. The findings suggest that the amount of KMO is close to 1 is equal to 881/0. Bartlett test of sphericity is also characterized by a significant level of zero, which is smaller than the 05/0 show statistically significant. And the final outcome of the 9 extracted with PC using varimax rotated in total by performing factor analysis identified nine factors: Self-conscious, value-based and central vision, holistic and systemic approach, independence, spontaneity, sense of mission, altruism, accountability, change frame of mind Factors identified in order to create intellectual capital could have a significant relationship with the studied variables. So successful, in order to strengthen each of these factors will lead to the creation of intellectual capital in educational organizations.

This article seeks to identify and classify the micro factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policy in Iran. The existence and spread of poverty in society, in spite of the existent policy programs is the sign of some weaknesses in the executive models of policy. Policy making in the field of poverty reduction theoretically is classified into several categories different factors are involved in the implementation of the policies. In identifying the diverse factors affecting the execution of policies, we finally could achieve the characteristics of policy, formation of policy, layers and levels involved in policy, factors affecting the response of executive factors of policy, inter-organizational relationships, impact of the feedback of the target population, and macro environmental factors which can be classified into policy , institutional, and micro settings.

Prisons come at great cost to society and still result in inmates disassociated from society. Incarceration is however our primary forms of punishment; therefore we need to define the purpose of punishment to be integrated into our goals for prisons. Prison architecture is a complex area of study, the classification proposed in this paper can be an important research tool by taking into consideration a holistic approach to the domain. The physical environment of the users is a large factor, but architecture can only be influential when coupled with policy reform. To achieve this, one must look after both the physical and psychological well-being of the inmates. We can observe four models of prisons: the rehabilitation model, the safety model, the repressive prison model and the hybrid model. Each model is a response at the social and cultural characteristics of the area were the prison is build. Each model is different from the others, by the architectural approach. The main variations between the models are concerning the security systems, the prison facilities and the design. The philosophy behind this concept is the understanding that an occupied prisoner is less violent and is less likely to assault the staff or other inmates.

در میان انواع شهرها، شهرهای استخراجی دارای ویژگی های خاصی از جمله تمرکز بالای فعالیت های صنعتی و معدنی مرتبط با اکتشاف، استخراج، پالایش، فرآوری و صدور منابع زیرزمینی، خطر کاهش و اتمام منابع غیر قابل تجدید، آلودگی های بالای زیست محیطی،تولید بالای پسماندهای صنعتی و خانگی و مسائل اجتماعی ناشی از مهاجرت های شغلی و دوگانگی فرهنگی می باشند که می تواند مسئله ناپایداری را در ابعاد زیست محیطی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی و کالبدی در محیط شهری این نوع شهرها، به وجود آورده یا تشدید نماید. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، تحلیل و ارزیابی ابعاد زیست محیطی و اقتصادی توسعه شهری پایدار، در شهر عسلویه در جنوب ایران و در کناره شمالی خلیج فارس بوده و به لحاظ روش، رویکرد حاکم بر این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق بررسی های اسنادی، میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه، جمع آوری شده و با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS و ارزش گذاری نماگرها با بهره گیری از طیف لیکرت، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. نتایج تحلیل پژوهش پس از انجام آزمون های آماری T استیودنت، ویلکاکسون و آزمون فریدمن، بیانگر آنست که فعالیت های استخراجی &ndash معدنی در شهر ساحلی عسلویه نه تنها منجر به پایداری این شهر نشده است که به ناپایداری بیشتر آن نیز انجامیده است. در بُعد پایداری زیست محیطی،مولفه کنترل آلودگی ها به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین پارامترها در مسئله وجود یا عدم وجود پایداری در سطح شهر عسلویه،دارای کمترین رتبه و امتیاز (05/1) در بین مولفه های این بُعد می باشد. همچنین در بُعد پایداری اقتصادی، مولفه های فعالیت و اشتغال(2.03) و سرمایه گذاری(1.41) در وضعیت مناسبی قرار ندارند.

With increasing frequency, the developing countries and the people living there are being affected by disasters. More and more often, development efforts are being destroyed. The reason for this trend is their growing vulnerability, which in turn is the result of economic and social development processes, such as the expansion of settlements and agricultural land in risk areas. The economic and social consequences of these disasters for the people in our partner countries last for years. To break and, if possible, reverse this trend, international organizations, governments and NGOs in the developing countries are increasingly upgrading the priority of disaster risk management for policy, and taking concrete preventive measures to reduce the risk to the population. This paper examined the concept of disaster and its management in the light of sustainable development with particular reference to Iran. It enumerated the different human and natural phenomena that could be characterized as disasters. It was discovered that, while hazard and/ or disasters possess anthropogenic origins, their consequences are felt on both human and the physical environments. In all cases, the human tolls have been significant. The paper highlighted the important elements of a typical Disaster Management Information System in Iran. After presenting a typology of disasters in Iran, the paper, advocated for a workable disaster management information system.