درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this study was to re-identify the potential environmental and natural attractions that can affect the sport tourist attraction development from perspective of experts and pundits in Shahrud and determine the importance rate of each variable. This is a survey research analysis. At first, a list of environmental attractions and sport natural potential were prepared in the study area. Then, through using geographical information system (GIS) and land use map layers overlaying technique and also Transmittal, Shahrud city natural attractions were prepared for the first time. Information layers overlaying has been done by Arc GIS software edited version. In the following, through a questionnaire in the form of Likert, which its validity was approved by professors, and, its reliability was obtained (α = 0.95) by Cronbach alpha, were consulted. The statistical population of this research includes four different groups of tourism, environment and natural resources experts, university teachers, sport and exercise experts, managers and relative staffs of tourism travelling official tours. Statistical sample of (n=26) samples available of total population of (n=40) have been achieved. In this study, Factor analysis was used for analysis. Also, the results of internal and external factors collected in separate matrix implied that the total value of weakness and strengthen point was (M2.229); it indicates that the weakness points defeated the strengthen points; the total value of threats and opportunities was (M=2.253) which indicates that threats defeated the opportunities. Hence, the chosen strategies are defensive.

Purpose- since governance has a direct and close relation to democracy and socio-economic development everywhere, and it is considered to be the main discussion of the discourse of sustainable rural development, the purpose of the present study is to examine the position of governance indicators in rural areas of Abarkooh town and its impact on the villagers' higher participation.   Methodology - the present research has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and the data were obtained through survey methods. The statistical population of this study were rural district governors, members of Islamic councils and residents of Abarkooh town. Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient were used to analyze the data. Research findings- the results indicate that the villagers had the highest participation of villagers is in manpower and participation in land donation is in the second place and financial aids is in the last place due to the weak financial strength of the villagers. According to the results of the T-test, the scores of the items related to the indicators of rural governance in Abarkooh town are at a desired level and the highest values belong to social trust and social justice indicators and the lowest value belongs to rule of law indicator. The results of Wilcoxon test show that, the impact of feasibility of governance indicators on public participation in this area has been at a high level. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine each of the governance indicators "transparency and accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, social justice, awareness, social trust, rule of law, acceptance of participation" as independent variables on villagers' participation in the dimensions of "manpower, financial assistance, land donation, (which were aggregated) as dependent variables and determine the effect of each of these dimensions. The correlation test value equal to 0.712 shows a significant, positive and direct relationship between independent and dependent variables of the present research. The modified determination coefficient indicates that, 69.4% changes in villagers' participation level is related to feasibility of principles of governance in the study area; therefore, holding meetings for rural people, rural district governors and members of councils for more interaction and informing people about their rights, clarification of financial and income issues and identification of capabilities of human society can play an essential role in feasibility of this matter.