سید مجتبی حسینی

The aim of this research was to determine the impact of a psychological skills training (PST) course on the level of sports injury anxiety and fear of failure. This research was of an applied and cross-sectional nature, and the statistical population consisted of elite football athletes, among whom 45 completed the existing scale. The measurement tools used were the Sports Injury Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) to assess fear of failure. The pre-test for sports injury anxiety and fear of failure was conducted in all three groups, and the experimental group followed the corresponding protocol for 12 sessions, after which the post-test was carried out. The data were analyzed using the dependent t-test and ANCOVA. The results showed that after the intervention, sports injury anxiety and fear of failure had decreased, and there were differences in the responses to the items on the sports injury anxiety and fear of failure test between the two experimental groups, the pre-exercise intervention and the pre-sleep intervention. In general, it can be concluded that practicing psychological skills can be a strategy for reducing psychological responses such as sports injury anxiety and fear of failure. Sports psychologists are advised to use this intervention to reduce sports injury anxiety and fear of failure, and consequently to improve performance.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the speed of adjustment of trade credit among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), with particular attention to the moderating role of managerial ability. Methodology/Design/Approach: The research sample includes 131 listed firms observed over a ten-year period (2013–2022), selected using the systematic exclusion method. A multivariable linear regression model was employed to test the research hypotheses. The model developed by Luo (2022) was used to measure the speed of adjustment of trade credit before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, while the model of Demerjian et al. (2012) was applied to evaluate managerial ability. Findings: The results indicate that, on the demand side of trade credit, the speed of adjustment of accounts payable increased by approximately 17% after the COVID-19 outbreak, with capable managers further accelerating this trend. Conversely, on the supply side, the speed of adjustment of accounts receivable declined by nearly 50%. This decline is attributed to rising inflation and economic instability during the post-crisis period, which led managers— including highly capable ones—to deliberately slow the adjustment of credit sales in order to benefit from inventory retention and mitigate risks in inflationary conditions. Innovation: This study extends the literature by demonstrating how crises such as COVID-19 reshape trade credit dynamics in emerging markets. It highlights the asymmetric effects on the supply and demand sides of trade credit and underscores the role of managerial ability in adapting financial policies under conditions of uncertainty and economic instability.