درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present research was designed to investigate the relationship between God Attachment Styles with Tendency to Drugs among Students. This study is descriptive and correlational. The population of this research includes all the high school boy students in Karaj city in the academic year of 2016-2017, which included 15000 students. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, the number of the sample was determined as 375 individuals, which were selected through a multistage cluster sampling. The data collection was performed through the addiction potential scale of Weed et al., (APS) (1992) and the god attachment questionnaire. For analyzing the data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression methods were used, and the data were analyzed by using SPSS v. 17. Findings showed that in families of 14.4% of the individuals, there is an addiction background, and in 85/6% there is no addiction background in the family. The correlation results showed that the components of God attachment have a negative and significant relationship with the tendency to addiction, and affection multiple regression explain components of God attachment have predicted the tendency to addiction in students. Regarding the importance of the role of God attachment in drug tendency among students, the results of the present study can be useful in planning and making appropriate policies for the purpose of promoting educational programs to families and their wards.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social anxiety in predicting academic self-efficacy of female high school students in Zanjan. The research method was descriptive-correlational and its statistical population included all female high school students who were studying in 2021 and the sample size was 70 people, which were selected by convenience sampling. Scherer’s academic self-efficacy questionnaire and adolescents' social anxiety questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between social anxiety (R = -0.563) and academic self-efficacy (P <0.001). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that the predictor (independent) variable of social anxiety has the ability to predict (criterion variable) students' academic self-efficacy. In summary, it can be inferred from the result of this research that social anxiety has a significant relationship with academic self-efficacy.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of parenting skills training based on a solution-oriented approach to internalization disorders in preschool children in District 4 of Isfahan. The research method is quasi-experimental and based on a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. To conduct the research, first one area was randomly selected from the six education districts of Isfahan and then two schools were selected as available. After completing the Children Behavior Checklist Questionnaire - Parent Form (CBCL) by parents, 30 couples of parents who reported the most internalization disorders from their children and met the inclusion criteria were selected and asked to participate voluntarily. Cooperation was requested in the training sessions. These numbers were randomly divided into two groups of 15 pairs of experiments and controls. The parents of the experimental group received parenting skills training based on the solution-oriented approach in 6 sessions of 90 minutes. At the end of the sessions, all samples, both experimental and control, who had not received any training, underwent post-test (again, the children-behavioral checklist completed the parent form). Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data. Based on the results, in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test phase, a significant decrease in the severity of internalization disorders was observed. The results show that all components of pediatric internalization disorders are significantly reduced. Based on the results of the present study, teaching parenting skills to parents with a solution-oriented approach can be an effective method in reducing internalization disorders in preschool children.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has profoundly affected people's daily lives, and caused various challenges. Interactions of spouses has been one of the most important dimensions of life affected by these changes. The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of women's experience of couple interactions during the restrictions imposed during COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. The participants included 11 married women in Tehran who, during the restrictions caused by COVID-19, spent most of their time at home with their husbands. Data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The data obtained from the interviews were coded and analyzed using the Colaizzi's method. The data were categorized into 18 sub-themes and three main themes. The findings showed that the potential of a couple relationship in crises can be such that individuals spontaneously do things to reduce the tensions in a way that this not only reduces the amount of stress, but also enriches their relationship. Women who had such an experience saw the forced situation of being together as a good opportunity to fix their relationship. But the spouses who did not have a normal couple relationship and did not have the necessary skills to repair the gaps and there has been tension, disconnection or overlapping roles and transgression of boundaries in their relationship, would make the gap in the relationship deeper with inappropriate reactions; therefore, this period has led to more conflicts for them.