Journal of preventive Counselling (JPC)

This study aimed to evaluate causal explanation of the relationship between emotional expression and marital maladjustment based on the mediating role of empathy among divorce stage couples. This research conducted through a descriptive method and the study design was correlation in the form of path analysis. The statistical population consisted all couples applied for divorce (aged 30-50) who referred to the counseling centers of the Judiciary in Tehran during 2020-2021. The sample size determined 396 cases and selected through convenience sampling method. In order to collect the information, standard questionnaires of marital maladjustment, couple empathy, and emotional expression were used. Data's analyzed in the SPSS 21 and AMOS 24 software's. Data analysis showed the model fit of emotional expression relationship with marital maladjustment by mediated role of couple's empathy. The model explained about 34% of the variance of marital maladjustment in divorce applicants. Based on these findings, it can be said that the relationship between marital maladjustment and emotional expression is not a direct relationship and factors such as marital empathy can strengthen or weaken this relationship, so in trainings related to emotional expression, it is suggested to consider these variables.

Early maladaptive schemas are the basis of many high-risk behaviors and psychological disorders. The objective of this study was to predict high-risk behaviors based on early maladaptive schemas among university students. The statistical population of this study included all male and female students at Sari University. The sample included 182 college students) 88 males and94 females) who were chosen via the convenience sampling method? The instruments included the Schema Questionnaire (Young, 1991) and Risk Behaviors Questionnaire (Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi 2009). Data were analyzed through stepwise multiple regression. It showed that dependence could explain 13%of the variance of violence. Shame, perfectionism, entitlement, ment, and failure (in four steps) could explain 21% of the variance of drug abuse. In addition, shame and perfectionism (in two steps) could explain 9.3%of the variance of alcohol consumption. Moreover, dependency and emotional inhibition (in two steps) could explain 6.4% of the variance of involvement the romantic activity. According to the findings of this study considering the predictability of students’ high-risk behaviors based on some early maladaptive schemas in order to prevent the spread of high-risk behaviors, the factors affecting the formation of early maladaptive schemas among students should be considered. Also, the results, have important implications for the pathology, prediction, prevention, and treatment of high-risk behaviors among university students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of positive thinking therapy training on reducing recurrent negative thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients in Corona Virus period.  The research method was quasi-experimental by pretest-posttest with control group and experimental group.  The statistical population of this study was obsessive-compulsive disorder patients in Mahabad. According to the data registered in Rajan Psychotherapy Center, 71 people were referred to primary and secondary obsessive-compulsive disorder in February 2021. Using the convenience sampling method, 30 patients with OCD were selected as the experimental group and 30 patients with OCD as the control group, and the experimental group was exposed to positive thinking skills training.  In order to collect information, a Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) was used. This questionnaire was developed by Ering et al. (2011) to assess recurring negative thoughts.  The intervention program of positive thinking skills training was implemented in 10 an-hour sessions on the experimental group. The positive thinking skills training package was derived from Quilliam (2003) Positive Thinking and Applied Positiveness.  Findings obtained from analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in reducing negative repetitive thoughts in the post-test phase between the experimental and control groups(P<0.05).  According to the research results, it seems that teaching positive thinking skills is effective in reducing negative repetitive thoughts among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important variables on which a lot of researches have been performed in the field of family studies. The aim of this study is to compare the themes of life stories in two groups of women with high and low marital satisfaction. Therefore, the present study is a causal-comparative research using the method of narrative research which consists of the research community of all married women in Isfahan in 2021, who were selected by coastal sampling method of 20 women (10 of whom get the highest score and 10 of whom get the lowest score of marital satisfaction) and they have received a semi-structured interview of McAdams' Life Story (2001); the interviews are then coded and the Mann–Whitney U test is used to compare the narratives. The obtained results show that there is a difference between satisfied and dissatisfied women in terms of the number of themes of communion, redemption and contamination; so that the two themes of communion and redemption in the narratives of satisfied women are significantly higher and the number of themes of contamination in these individuals is significantly lower than the group of dissatisfied women. Also, there is no significant difference in the number of agency themes among the narratives of the two groups of women. According to the obtained results, it can be said that the satisfied and dissatisfied people have different experiences of marital life, which can be observed from the stories of these people about their lives.

Objective: The quality of a marital relationship is one of the essential factors in assessing the quality and satisfaction of marriage. This study aimed to validate and standardize the Relationship Quality (RQ) questionnaire. Method: The method of this research in terms of basic-applied purpose and type of cross-sectional-descriptive information collection and methodology is part of the test-making studies that have been done in a correlational research project. The statistical population of this study included all couples in Ardabil. The final sample consisted of 165 married individuals selected by snowball sampling and available. The research instruments included the Relationship Quality (RQ) of Chonodi et al. (2016), The Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS), and the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMS) by Schum, Nichols, Shachtman, and Grigsby (1983). Results: The results showed that the Relationship Quality (RQ) has a goodness of fit in the Iranian population and highly correlates with marital satisfaction. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings showed that the Relationship Quality (RQ) can powerfully identify the quality of couples' communication and can be used in research and clinical work to measure the quality of communication and interference in the relationship.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has profoundly affected people's daily lives, and caused various challenges. Interactions of spouses has been one of the most important dimensions of life affected by these changes. The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of women's experience of couple interactions during the restrictions imposed during COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. The participants included 11 married women in Tehran who, during the restrictions caused by COVID-19, spent most of their time at home with their husbands. Data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The data obtained from the interviews were coded and analyzed using the Colaizzi's method. The data were categorized into 18 sub-themes and three main themes. The findings showed that the potential of a couple relationship in crises can be such that individuals spontaneously do things to reduce the tensions in a way that this not only reduces the amount of stress, but also enriches their relationship. Women who had such an experience saw the forced situation of being together as a good opportunity to fix their relationship. But the spouses who did not have a normal couple relationship and did not have the necessary skills to repair the gaps and there has been tension, disconnection or overlapping roles and transgression of boundaries in their relationship, would make the gap in the relationship deeper with inappropriate reactions; therefore, this period has led to more conflicts for them.