درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

the special conditions of children with autism spectrum disorder; they should benefit from exercising in their lives. Unfortunately, due to the unfamiliarity and the lack of suitable conditions, the ground to participate in sport activities for this group of people in the society is not well prepared. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify strategies and express the consequences of teaching sports activities to children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The present research carried out in 2023 via using a qualitative style based on a phenomenological approach and in the Collaizi method. Research Participants included: children with autistic disorder and their parents, sport instructors with the experience of working with autistic children, university faculty members in the psychology department, sport management, motor behavior, and autism therapists, from whom a sample of 17 people was selected. For the final validation of the research, the validity and reliability criteria were applied. Results: In the end, 87 final concepts were identified, including 7 main contents: motivational, environmental, individual, instructors’, communication, social, and parental awareness; and its consequences entail 5 main contents of motor, physical, psychological, behavioral and social development. Conclusion: The results of the research will help to plan the proper inclusion of sport programs in the daily schedule of children suffering from autism, and finally the improvement of the physical and mental condition of this group of people in the society will be achieved.

Applying supportive policies by the organization towards human resources can provide a suitable basis for creating mutual benefits. On one hand, this issue will affect their behavioral and functional approaches, and on the other hand, it will determine the type of their perceptions towards the job. Accordingly, in this research, the impact of social support on the job performance of employees by considering the role of job enrichment and innovative work behaviors has been investigated. The statistical population of this research included physical education managers of Iranian universities which 333 people participated in it according to the rule of at least five times the number of statements and with the convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire taken from reliable sources including innovative work behaviors scale by De Jong & Den Hartog, (2010), job performance scale by Chirumbolo & Areni, (2010), perceived social support by scale Mack & Rhineberger-Dunn, (2019) and job enrichment scale by Vijay & Indradevi, (2015) and data analysis and hypothesis testing has been done by using the structural equation modeling technique with the partial least squares approach in the PLS software. The research findings indicate that social support has a significant and positive effect on innovative work behaviors, job enrichment and job performance. There is a positive and significant relationship between innovative work behaviors and job enrichment with job performance. Job enrichment and innovative work behaviors play a mediating role in the relationship between social support and job performance.

The present study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between teachers’ sense of burnout and students’ language achievement in their online classes. To this end, 40 male and female English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and 100 EFL learners were randomly selected from both public schools and private language institutes. The Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and MBI-ES questionnaire were employed as the instruments of the present study. The researcher distributed MBI-ES questionnaire among the teacher participants and also used OPT test and gave it to 100 students of each class in order to measure their achievement and their language performance. The present study used Pearson correlation in order to find the correlation between the aforementioned variables. Then, after collecting the data about the two above-mentioned variables, the results revealed that there is no significant relationship between teachers’ sense of burnout and students’ language achievement during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background and Aim: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is one of the most common problems of children and adolescents and the reason for referral to psychiatrists and psychologists. Therefore, the aim of this research was to the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training on behavioural problems and aggression of children with ADHD symptoms. Methods: In terms of the purpose, the current research design was of an applied type and in terms of the method of conducting it, it was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up plan with the experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of 6-10-year-old children with ADHD who were referred to a private counselling centre in the 10th district of Tehran in 1401. An available sampling method was used for sampling, and 30 people were selected, and 15 people were equally assigned to the experimental group and 15 people to the control group. In this research, the tools used included Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Buss & Perry's (1992) Aggression Questionnaire. Parent-child interaction therapy was performed according to McNeil & Hembree-Kigin's (2010) protocol on the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Statistical data was analyzed with spss software and using analysis of variance with repeated measurements, and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to check the stability of the effects of the interventions. Results: F values were calculated for behavioural problems (F = 7.63) and aggression (F = 10.74). It can be concluded that the effect of the group membership factor, or in other words, the treatment of parent-child interaction, has led to a significant decrease in dependent variables (p<0.01). The results of Benferroni's post hoc test indicate that the effect of parent-child interaction therapy on behavioural problems and aggression of children with ADHD was stable. Conclusion: It can be concluded that parent-child interaction training was effective on behavioural problems and aggression of children with ADHD symptoms, and this effect was stable.