درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Improving employment opportunities for people and reducing the economic burden on government requires a broad and concentrated effort on private sectors. Private sector growth is a key engine for creation jobs. The major advantage of private sector is its employment potential at low capital cost. These sectors are the nursery of entrepreurship, often driven by individual creativity and innovation. Entrepreneurs seek opportunities and innovations often provide the instrument for them to succeed. However, certain social, cultural and structural factors are inherent within a society which can affect entrepreurial activity. The purpose of present paper is exploring a set of positive and negative factors which can result in either stimulating or damping the activity of entrepreneurs in Iran. The statistical population includes successful entrepreneurs of Iran’s provinces in 2014 that were selected as sample randomly. The result shows that success achieved by the entrepreneurs is positively correlated with their risk taking abilities. The overall conclusion clears that the family and government support influence

Today country success in economic, social, political , cultural and tendencies are the hostages and pawns of coherent and dynamic didactic system and approved; The education and didactic programs for qualification improvement and dynamism need to evaluate and scrutiny quantitatively and qualitatively. Current study started with the goal of presenting faculty competency evaluation for the reason of qualitative improvement of Islamic Azad University. Research in term of how to collect and compilation the data is descriptive- survey and in term of goal and target type is practical that by doing general scrutiny in literature and subject history and past, we drawled the theoretical frame and conceptual model in this study. Nominee educational members opinions (faculty members (self- assessment), supervisors (superiors), students (clients) of Fars stat Islamic Azad different universities, are the research society. In this research with researcher evaluation in 24 active units in Fars state, approximately 125000 persons examined. That sample volume selected by the clustered random sampling method (kerjesi and Morgan formula), 380 persons, for the reason of collecting dates we used a researcher questionnaire that its validity confirmed by the specialists and its stability calculated by using the Kronbakh’s Alfa method 0.84.Researche questionnaire includes effective component in competency in five general axis, collects the data. Then with using 360 degree evaluation method, executed. For the data analysis me used descriptive statistic method and elicitation statistic (fact oral analysis, vilkakson and Friedman) that the results of the study as follows: 1.drawing the model of competency evaluation of faculty (main dimension of evaluation indexes of faculty competency’s).2.in the field of evaluation of current situation from the dimensions and competence skill parameters, ethical values, role, personal, favorable status exists. But in the performance and functional dimension and its subcomponents unfavorable status and lower than average level evaluated and the results of ranking of evaluation of dimensions of competency’s of faculty in order the most priority is related to skill dimension and the least priority is related functional and performance dimension.

Although liability under general tort and contract law principles is not limited to a certain amount, liability arising under a carriage contract is limited by the majority of international transport conventions and national legislatures and, there are certain reasons given to justify the “essential departure from the current rules of civil law” and it is common for the liability of the carrier to be limited under the international regimes regarding transportation. The limitation of liability, which is nowadays considered to be a basic right rather than a privilege, is not a matter of justice, but merely a matter of public policy. Naturally, under modern transport law regimes, willful misconduct is not the only situation whereby the carrier or ship-owner loses his right to limit. Conventions regarding means of transportation, particularly road carriage, also employ provisions for breaking the limits. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of willful misconduct and gross negligence of road carrier in CMR, CVR, and COTIF 1999 (CIM and CIV) conventions and for this purpose admitted solutions in said convention is discussed.

Concurrently, organizations must respond effectively to social expectations and moral law and to achieve success in all areas and by respecting professional ethics adopt an appropriate procedure to achieve these expectations align with organizational goals to facilitates promotion of social accountability and realization of higher goals. In this study, we have formulated a framework by reviewing the literature and related researches so that with application of quality and quantitative combinatory approch as well as utilization of Delphi and judgmental sampling and chain and professional acceptance of scientific and organizational model (32 members), a comporehensive model was instituted in the form of a standard model (individual, organizational and cross- organizational) and 23 indicators of professional ethics to promote social accountability. Then, realized model structures in the studied organizations has been tested through structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) using smart PLS software. Meanwhile, Cronbach's alpha (0.965) is used to measure questionnaire’s reliability in addition to evaluation of validity. Moreover, among national executive accountability, 124 members are selected for this study through Morgan table and stratified random sampling method so that the situation of each dimensions such as individual (3.56), organizational (3.50) and cross-organizational (3:06) were obtained unfavorably. Overall, this study defines a new method to analyze and measurements of enhance public accountability and professional ethics under Iranian’s government agencies.

Urban spaces and in other words urban design and architecture have been found with close linkage with art and beauty especially the arts such as painting and sculpture. Addressing beauty at different areas such as creation of galleries to offer works of art, addressing form of urban spaces and representing works of art in urban environment have improved social life and increased identity, consensus and collective solidarity. On the other hand, it can provide an interesting and calm environment for the citizens and residents. Concurrent with the socio-political developments in the twentieth century and the progress of science and technology, all the areas of the arts were subjected to change. The metamorphosis of the art and stylistic developments took place and a large number of artists tended to innovative phenomena. Since the art at the twentieth century especially the second half of the twentieth century sought to affect the addressee, a group of the contemporary artists including sculptors have not known the tight enclosure of museums and galleries to represent their works and preferred to display their works at open space and wide and large places of cities. Representing works at open space requires largeness of dimensions of works at multiple scale and use of modern materials and techniques. Sol Lewitt (1928 - 2007) has been regarded among the artists at contemporary age at the area of Minimalism and Conceptual Art. American philosopher and theorist and contemporary art critic, Arthur Coleman Danto, has conducted articles in criticism to works by Sol Lewitt and has appeared in exhibition of his works. Lewitt made the earliest structures in 1965 and continued his activity at the 1970s by expansion of plans and planning for the larger projects which have been being made based on morphological and conceptual ideas. Ultimately his arrangements were proposed at huge scale and extended from the space of galleries and museums which tended to conceptual and minimalist art to the urban space. In the present research, works of this artist and ideas of Arthur C. Danto about minimalism and works of Sol Lewitt are analyzed. The main questions are as follow: What outcome representation of these works has in natural environment and urban space? how the border between art has removed the daily life and addressee?

Recreation (creativity) is undoubtedly one of the important designing bases and a durable, matchless and unique factor which determines distinction, excellence, and elegance of a building in comparison with other buildings; and architecture as one of the manifestations of human life in a special time and place can be a reflection of thoughts, ideas and living method and also represent identity in shape of thought and creativity which is known as creator of architecture work from viewpoint of architecture. Firstly reflection of architect’s character in architecture work, then cultural concept of the work and its belonging to a specific social and ideological movement and besides talent and creativity of the artist, the cultural and artistic movements affect drastically on the result of architect’s act who is creator of the art work in form of an architecture event. Therefore it can be mentioned that variables of the present research are nominal and qualitative; the dependent variables are also of the same type. The effects of economic, political, social and cultural movements can also be mentioned which are expressed in form of concepts such as tangible and intangible strategies. The present paper attempted to analyze metaphors used in the major building of Behsharh Industrial Group, which is an objective evidence of Nader Ardalan’s work. The analysis was done in a historical-interpretation method and in qualitative form.

No unique method has been so far specified for determining the number of neurons in hidden layers of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks used for prediction. The present research is intended to optimize the number of neurons using two meta-heuristic procedures namely genetic and hill climbing algorithms. The data used in the present research for prediction are consumption data of water subscribers in Fasa City of Fars Province (Iran) between the years 2010 to 2013. Ultimately, using the respective data set, the data of the subsequent year 2014 can be predicted. In the present research it was observed that the mean square errors of per data (MSEPD) for the abovementioned algorithms are less than 0.2, indicating a high performance in the neural networks’ prediction. Correlation coefficients using genetic and hill climbing algorithms were respectively equal to 0.891 and 0.759. Thus, GA was able to leave a better effect on optimization of neural network.

This research seeks to determine the dimensions of organizational forgetting management and prioritize them in university. Current research in terms of purpose is applicable. In terms of data, it is quantitative. In terms of method, it is a descriptive-survey research. In this research, for determining the validity of measurement tool, content validity has been used and for calculating the reliability, Cronbach's Alpha method has been used. The population of this research includes the faculty members and employees of Islamic Azad University in region 8. Also the researcher-made questionnaire has been used for information collection. In this research, a framework consisting of quadratic dimensions of the process management, technology, culture and structure for evaluation of organizational forgetting management was considered. With regard to the comparison by using of the mean index, the quadratic dimensions were evaluated in two eligible and available situations. It is determined that with regard to the difference between two available and eligible situations, in fact the level of process dimension is low and it is in available situation, also it can be concluded that culture in available situation is very posterior than ideal and eligible situation. In two technology and structure dimensions, this mean difference is less than two other dimensions. In available situation, the most gaps and deficits at first exist in culture dimension and then in two technology and structure dimensions; and finally there is weakness in the process dimension. Totally in different dimensions, there is a relatively large difference and gap between the mean indexes of two eligible and available situations.

Primary man in trying to find food went everywhere. But by forming ranching arranged a chain of places and became emigrant. By happening industrial revolution, human life was centralized on one place. Places that base on its advantages make different biologic and behavioral types. Forming cities in seaboard, river shore, boundary of mountains and Champaign cause to make different cultures that shows habitat and continent effects on their inhabitants. This definition of human means native man was removing in industrial revolution because modern life advantages aren't depended on habitat. Loom factories develop in every longitude and latitude and cause to form cities that have sit on beds without native values. In fact dependency on a special place in agriculture ages lost its special value and come off in everywhere. In the other hand, in information and media revolution of globalization life Advantages Sea themselves in communication and virtual space that is quite placeless. In fact if we define habitat as an interacting situation between human and a place, we can survey this concept evolution and change procedure from past to now and study its results and effects on human life space quality. In this study we survey efficacy on and getting effect of habitat by studying cultural and anthropologic evolution and genesis of habitat concept and restudy its relation with human real and virtual residential space.