حمید شفیع زاده

Purpose: The link between school and community plays an important role in improving the school and adapting to the conditions and facilities of society. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to research on effective factors, strategies and consequences on the link between school and society in Iran. Methodology: In an applied research from type of qualitative, action to identified the effective factors, strategies and consequences on the link between school and society. The population of this study was professors and experts with scientific achievements in the field of sociology of education, policy makers and managers of education and school’s managers. The required sample size of the research was considered to be 18 people according to the principle of theoretical saturation, who were selected by purposive and snowball sampling methods. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, which its validity was checked and confirmed by triangulation method and its reliability was checked and confirmed by reliability, trustworthiness, verifiability and transferability methods. Data analysis was done by thematic analysis method in MAXQDA software version 2021. Findings: The findings showed that the effective factors on the link between school and society had 15 sub-categories in 7 sub-categories and 2 main categories including structural factors (with 4 sub-categories of policies and strategies of macro future development, upstream document requirements and macro perspectives and ruling intellectual, philosophical and educational orientation) and process factors (with 3 sub-categories of periodic monitoring of school performance by local stakeholders, alignment and adaptation of educational content with need of society and education in the field of environmental issues). Also, the findings showed that the effective strategies on the link between school and society had 9 sub-categories in 3 sub-categories and 1 main category including strategies of link school and society (with 3 sub-categories of appropriate governance of educational system, re-engineering and refining of educational system structure and policy making in the field attracting civil participation). In addition, the findings showed that the effective consequences on the link between school and society had 6 sub-categories in 2 sub-categories and 1 main category including consequences of link school and society (with 2 sub-categories of individual consequences and social consequences). Conclusion: The designed themes network for effective factors, strategies and consequences on the link between school and society in Iran can greatly help education specialists and planners in improving the educational system and harmony with the society.

Applying grounded theory (GT) as a systematic methodology, this study was to present a model for the career path adaptability (CPA) of teachers. The statistical population consisted of the experts and teachers affiliated to the Department of Education (DoE) in Iran, in the 2018-19 academic year calendar, and the samples (n=17) were selected based on snowball sampling, as a purposeful method. For this purpose, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used as the data collection tool, and the data were then analyzed via content analysis with coding. In this line, the central phenomenon, accompanied by the main categories and subcategories, was extracted. To code the given data, 198 codes were initially identified, and 41 subcategories were subsequently formed. To validate the interviews, triangulation, member checking, and peer review were further practiced. Besides, the test-retest and inter-rater reliability techniques were exploited for the reliability purposes. In accordance with the GT outcomes, CPA as the central phenomenon was realized with respect to causal conditions, viz., organizational, career-related, personal conditions, through the strategies of career advancement, learning and training, human resources (HR) attraction/selection/recruitment, and motivation, by taking account of effective underlying conditions, namely, HR development requirements, motivational conditions, organizational culture, and leadership style. However, this phenomenon, not protected from economic, political, organizational, and personal contexts, as the intervening factors, had induced a number of outcomes, e.g., a descending trend in leaving one’s job, increased job satisfaction, higher levels of organizational commitment, delegation of authority, and cost reduction for the DOE and teachers. Ultimately, the study results gave rise to designing a CPA model for teachers, containing a central phenomenon, along with causal conditions, underlying conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and outcomes.

Purpose: Considering the role of quantum leadership in improving the performance and effectiveness of organizations, the aim of the current research was to design a quantum leadership model in secondary schools based on grounded theory. Methodology: This was an applied qualitative study and its population included experts and principals of the educational system of Iran in 2020. A total of 20 people were selected using snowball sampling. The data collection tool included a semi-structured interview, the validity of which was confirmed by the review of participants and the review of non-participating experts, and its reliability was obtained 0.83 by calculating the inter-coder agreement. The data were analyzed by the coding method based on the grounded theory in MAXQDA software. Findings: The results showed that the quantum leadership model in secondary schools consisted of 45 concepts in 8 components and 6 categories. The category of causal conditions included two components of building quantum trust and agreement and quantum thought. The category of background conditions included one component of quantum development platform. The category of intervention conditions included one component of positive and negative interveners. The core category included a component of quantum school, the category of strategies included two components of quantum leadership and quantum creativity, and the category of outcomes included a component of quantum learning. Finally, the quantum leadership model in secondary schools was designed based on the grounded theory. Conclusion : According to the quantum leadership model in secondary schools and based on the experts and principals of the education system of Iran, it seems necessary to plan to improve the status of schools by improving the identified concepts and components

Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the model of professional citizen education in education. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of data collection and was conducted using a descriptive survey research method. The statistical population of the study was all line managers and education staff in Khorasan Razavi province in 2019. According to the collected statistics, their number was 12 thousand people and according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 400 people by available sampling method, as a statistical sample. They were selected and answered a 42-item researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis method Structural equation modeling and Lisrel software were used. Findings: The results of confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis indicated the appropriate fit of the designed model and the results of testing research hypotheses showed social participation training, social demand training, work conscience training, social responsibility training, socio-political awareness, culture Student’s family, culture of friendship groups, culture of society, economic situation of society had a significant effect on the education of concerned students in the field of citizenship, as well as family culture and culture of student friendship groups, education of concerned students, culture of society, The prevailing economic situation of the society had a significant effect on the efforts to reform and improve the society and on the correct education of future generations, and finally the efforts to reform and improve the society and the correct education of future generations had a significant effect on achieving a productive society. Conclusion: According to the research findings, our country’s educational system needs a system of thought, theoretical foundations and clear philosophical and social foundations for the formation of the process of educating professional citizens, based on the needs and foundations and cultural, economic and political conditions of society.