تحلیل نظری نقش مؤلفه های مدیریت سیاسی فضا بر پایداری منابع آبی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مسئله پایداری منابع آبی یکی از جدی ترین چالش هایی است که کشورها در چند دهه اخیر با آن مواجه بوده اند. پایداری منابع آبی عبارت است از: تأمین نیازهای آبی نسل حاضر و نسل های آینده؛ بنابراین حفظ چنین وضعیتی ارتباط مستقیمی با مدیریت سیاسی فضا در یک کشور دارد. پژوهش حاضر به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی و در چارچوب رابطه سیاست و فضا از دیدگاه نظری به دنبال بررسی نقش مؤلفه های مدیریت سیاسی فضا بر پایداری منابع آبی است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که سه بُعد 1. قانون گذاری(شامل: ساختار حکومت در یک کشور، تفویض اختیارات به نهادهای متولی آب، تمرکز قدرت سیاسی، تعدد و سطوح نهادهای قانون گذار، رابطه حکومت و ملت، الگوی نظام سیاسی حاکم) 2. مدیریت اجرایی(شامل: سیستم بودجه ریزی کشور، استراتژی های توسعه ملی، مسئله کارآمدی دولت و نهادهای زیرمجموعه، فرهنگ سیاسی، بوروکراسی، منابع درآمدی دولت، سطوح مدیریت اجرایی)3. تقسیمات سیاسی فضا(شامل: توازن و عدم توازن در واحدهای استانی، تمرکز در کانون های سیاسی اداری، معیارها و ضوابط تقسیمات کشوری، همگونی و ناهمگونی واحدهای سیاسی فضایی از جنبه طبیعی، نیروهای تأثیرگذار بر فرایند تقسیمات سیاسی) از جمله مهم ترین ابعاد و مؤلفه هایی هستند که پایداری منابع آبی را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهند.Analysis of the Role of Political Management of Space Components on the Sustainability of Water Resources
Introduction
The stability of water resources is a situation in which water resources are managed in such a way that in addition to providing the well-being and needs of one generation, efforts are made to provide the needs and well-being of future generations; In fact, the stability of water resources depends on political, life, environmental and hydrological conditions. The Political Management of Space and the patterns resulting from it can strongly affect the geographical space and the biological foundations in it, especially the water resources; Each of these patterns has special features, the most important feature that differentiates these patterns from each other is the amount and intensity of concentration. In such a way that the level of concentration in each of these models in terms of being high and low can affect the category of stability in political, economic, social and environmental dimensions. Among the most important components of the political management of space, which overshadows the stability of water resources, there are three components: 1) legislation; 2) executive management; 3) political divisions. In the researches that have been conducted in connection with the issue of water resources stability, the consequences of this issue have been mainly described, and in the cases that have been addressed from the analytical aspect, most of the climate issues in a geographical area have been considered. Therefore, the effects of Political Management of Space on the issue of water resources stability have been less discussed. The present study investigates the effect of Political Management of Space components on the stability of water resources from a theoretical point of view, and examines the most important causes of water resource instability caused by the factor of Political Management of Space.
Methodology
According to the nature of the present research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is done by library method and from documentary and internet sources. Data analysis is done qualitatively and inferentially.
Results and discussion
Human factors affecting the stability of water resources in the past few decades have severely affected water resources as an important variable, and this effect has been both quantitative and qualitative (drying and polluting wetlands, lakes, rivers). Therefore, instability has been the result of human intervention, which in any case is a management problem that is the result of dominant thoughts that are imposed on the geographical space in the framework of practical policies. In fact, the stability or instability of water resources is directly related to the Political Management of Space in a country. The theoretical investigation of the mechanism of the influence of the political management of space as a macro-management structure in the stability or instability of water resources in a watershed becomes relevant from this point of view. Although the type or pattern of political management of space may have different results on water resources in two countries or geographical space, the result of this problem is due to the existence of a specific ideology or the lack of coordination between different aspects of political management of space, including the issue of legislation, political division of space and executive management in one country.Therefore, the issue of political space management is influenced by mediating variables that are derived from the ruling ideology of the country or geographical space, or the lack of coordination and cooperation between internal institutions and organizations of a country. In fact, the Political Management of Space in a country affects the stability of water resources from three dimensions, legislation, executive management and political divisions of space (political organization of space). A) Legislation dimensio includes 1) centralization and decentralization 2) levels of legislative institutions 3) relationship between the government and the nation. B) executive management dimension includes five factors including: 1) development strategies 2) efficiency issue 3) bureaucracy (specialized and non-specialized) 4) government revenue sources 5) levels of executive management. C) The dimension of political divisions of space includes five factors as: 1) balance in provincial units 2) concentration and lack of concentration in places and geographical areas 3) criteria of civil divisions 4) homogeneity and heterogeneity of places and geographical areas 5) influential forces.
Conclusions
The political management of space includes three dimensions and components, including the dimension of legislation - the dimension of executive management and the dimension of civil divisions (political organization of space). In relation to the category of legislation and its relationship with the stability of water resources in a watershed in countries with a plurality of legislative institutions, the low level of coordination and alignment in the formulation of laws between the national and local levels, the lack of sufficient powers of the institutions in charge of water, the concentration of power in the law-making institutions, the lack of attention to the role of the beneficiaries in the management of water resources, which ultimately lead to the belief that water resources are part of their assets and only they should manage these water resources. Therefore, the existence of self-centered laws and views on the part of governments will provide a basis for governments to consider themselves the main owners of water resources and not accept the actors and beneficiaries of water resources in the management of water resources. In fact, there is no cooperation and alignment in the management of water resources by the government and the people, and finally the sustainability of water resources will face a challenge. In connection with the dimension of executive management, which has great importance in the stability of water resources. It can be said that executive measures are directly related to the stability or instability of water resources. The most important issues that are very important in this dimension can be mentioned the two phenomena of transparency and politicization and lobbying, which in the process of drafting the national budget, the issue of rent income, the absence of parties and organizations concerned about stability. Water resources, the phenomenon of non-specialized bureaucracy, the inefficiency of the executive bodies in charge of water resources management and the lack of coherence in the policy-making of national development programs have a great effect. The third dimension of the political management of space, which has an important effect on stability of water resources, is the dimension of political divisions or political organization of space. In this aspect, various factors influence the stability of water resources, which are mainly formed as a result of the actions of state and governments on the division of the geographical space of the country in the direction of optimal management of the space, which include the first phenomenon of a city where a huge population in the form of a city Big is loaded in a specific geographical space Also, heavy industries are located in the suburbs of these cities. Other important factors include the lack of balance in the provincial units in terms of the size and concentration of population and activity, the lack of national and regional complementarity, the heterogeneity of climate in the neighboring provincial units, the unbalanced distribution of water and soil resources, and the existing mineral resources. , the influence of informal forces on the process of national divisions and finally the lack of attention to geographical homogeneity in provincial divisions, which are among the most important factors affecting the stability of water resources in a watershed.
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