نسخه شناسی انتقادی آثار فارسی جلال الدین دوانی در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
جلال الدین دوانی یکی از دانشمندان بزرگ کانون فکری شیراز در دوره تیموری است که کتاب ها، رساله ها و نامه های بسیاری نگاشته است. با توجه به نگرش مؤثر او در پویایی و بالندگی ادبیات عرفانی فارسی، شناخت آثار فارسی وی که بیشتر در زمینه عرفان، فلسفه و کلام نوشته شده اند، از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است و بی شک آشنایی با اندیشه های این دانشمند ادیب، زوایا و گوشه های پنهانی از تاریخ تطوّر ادب حکمی و عرفانی را روشن می گرداند. بدیهی است پیش از داوری درباره آرا و افکار او، تحقیق درباره اصالت آثارش ضرورت دارد؛ از این رو هدف پژوهش حاضر، نسخه شناسی انتقادی آثار فارسی منسوب به دوانی است تا از رهگذر آن، صحت و سقم آنها روشن شود. بررسی فهرست نسخ خطی کتابخانه ها نشان می دهد در بیشتر آنها درباره عنوان آثار دوانی، خطاها و اشتباهات کتاب شناختی فراوان وجود دارد که سلسله وار به آثار بسیاری از نویسندگان بعدی راه یافته است. در این مقاله به منظور رفع اشکالات و ابهامات کتاب شناختی مجموعه آثار فارسی دوانی، ابتدا جامع ترین فهرست مشترک در ایران یعنی فهرستگان نسخه های خطی ایران (فنخا) مبنای احصای عناوین آثار فارسی او قرار گرفته و سپس به استناد دست نویس های فارسی وی و سایر منابع، اصالت آثار فارسی منتسب به او در فهرست نسخ خطی کتابخانه ها بررسی شده است. در این جستار با استفاده از روش مطالعه تطبیقی دست نویس های فارسی دوانی در ایران، پاره ای از آگاهی های نسخه شناختی و کتاب شناختی ما درباره آثار دوانی به ویژه عنوان و تعداد آثار فارسی اصیل و غیراصیل او تصحیح شده است. نتایج نسخه شناسی انتقادی حاضر نشان می دهد دوانی دست کم بیست اثر فارسی اصیل دارد. همچنین با نظر به مدخل های آثار فارسی دوانی در فنخا مشخص شد دست کم نه اثر فارسی غیراصیل (برساخته) به او نسبت یافته است. بنابراین، حداقل نه اثر فارسی منسوب به دوانی در ایران، نادرست به نظر می رسد.Critical Codicology of Jalaloddin Davani's Persian Works in Iran
Jalaloddin Davani who has written many books, treatises, and letters, is one of the great scholars of the Shiraz school of thought during the Timurid period. Considering his influential attitude in the dynamics and excellence of Persian mystical literature, it is important to know about his Persian works which often include mysticism, philosophy, and theology. Obviously, before judging his opinions and beliefs, one should investigate the authenticity of his works. Therefore, the present research aims at the critical codicology of Persian works attributed to Davani to determine their authenticity. Reviewing the catalogue of manuscripts in the libraries shows that, in most catalogues, there are many mistakes in the title of Davani's Persian works. These bibliographic mistakes have been repeated in the works of many subsequent authors. To write the paper First, based on the Union Catalogue of Iran Manuscripts (Fankha), the titles of all Persian works attributed to Davani were identified. Then, using his Persian manuscripts and other sources, the authenticity of his Persian works in the catalogue of manuscripts was examined. In this study, through the comparative investigation of Davani's Persian manuscripts in Iran, some of our codicological and bibliographic information about Davani's Persian works have been corrected, especially the title and number of his authentic and non-authentic works. The result of the current critical codicology showed that Davani has written at least twenty original Persian works. In addition, according to the entries of Davani's Persian works in Fankha, at least nine non-original Persian works have been attributed to him. Thus, at least nine entries of Davani's Persian works in Iran seem incorrect.
Keywords: Critical Codicology; Bibliography of Persian Works; Jalaloddin Davani; Union Catalogue of Iran Manuscripts (Fankha); Mystical Literature; Textual Criticism.
Introduction
Jalaloddin Mohammad bin Sadoddin Asad Seddiqi Davani Kazeruni Shirazi is “the biggest and the most famous sage at the end of the Timurid period” (Safa, 1987, p. 4/99) and “the most well-known scholar of the 9th century A H" (Nafisi, 1965, p. 1/265). He was born in 830 AH in Davan of Kazerun. His father, who was a disciple of Mohaqqeq Sharif and was a judge, taught him the basics of Maqul (Intellectual Knowledge) and Manqul (Religious Knowledge) and sent him to Beygom School in Kazerun. After a while, the young Jalaloddin went to Shiraz for excellent educational studies under the supervision of famous scholars of that time. In a short time, Jalaloddin had such a great performance and became so popular that his works were criticized in his own time. Many of Davani's scholarly problems and his new thoughts have been interpreted in the books of subsequent scholars.
Jalaloddin Davani highly admired other scholars, read their works carefully, and tried hard to solve the intricacies of their books by writing explanations on them. He exchanged letters with other contemporary scholars and discuss with them. Also, others have mentioned him with respect because of his mastery over Knowledge of that time and the importance of his opinions and beliefs. Moreover, they have written interpretations of his works and have examined and criticized his thoughts. Although the life time of Davani was one of the most chaotic situations in the history of Iran, he should be considered one of the most active Iranian Muslim scholars, in a way that “he is the last person among the great people of this country who had all the knowledge of his time” (Nafisi, 1965, p. 1/265).
His works written in the fields of Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy, Logic, Philosophy, Theology, Mysticism, Ethics, Usul (Principles), Fiqh (Jurisprudence), Hadith, Interpretation of the Quran, Jefr (the science of letters), etc, shows his mastery over Maqul and Manqul of that time. Although most of his works are in Arabic, he also has exquisite works in Persian, especially about Mysticism and Sufism. Considering his influential attitudes in the dynamics and excellence of Persian mystical literature, knowing about his Persian works is undoubtedly essential.
Materials and Methods
Reviewing the catalogue of manuscripts in the libraries shows that, in most catalogues, there are many mistakes in the title of Davani's Persian works. These bibliographic mistakes have been repeated in the works of many subsequent authors. In this study, first, based on the Union Catalogue of Iran Manuscripts (Fankha), the titles of all Persian works attributed to Davani have been identified. Then, using his Persian manuscripts and other sources, the authenticity of his Persian works in the catalogue of manuscripts was comparatively examined.
تبلیغات
