واکاوی چالش های تحول دیجیتال در بخش عمومی ایران: پژوهشی کیفی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امروزه به دلیل رشد فزاینده فناوری ها و تأثیرات شگرف آنها بر ساحت های اقتصادی، سیاسی و اجتماعی و همچنین، تغییر انتظارات شهروندان، تحول دیجیتال در بخش عمومی به ضرورتی اجتناب ناپذیر تبدیل شده است. دولت ها طلایه داران بهره گیری و بهره مندی جامعه از تحول دیجیتال هستند؛ اما، با وجود این، چالش هایی بر سر راه دولت وجود دارد که مانع از ایفای چنین نقشی می شود. با توجه به بررسی ادبیات موضوع و نبود چارچوب جامع از چالش های تحول دیجیتال در بخش عمومی ایران، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی چالش های فراروی بخش دولتی ایران در استقرار تحول دیجیتال انجام شده است. در این پژوهش، از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی و برای گردآوری داده ها و استخراج نظر خبرگان از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته با 40 نفر از متخصصین حوزه IT استفاده به عمل آمده است. طبق یافته های پژوهش، چالش های تحول دیجیتال در سازمان های دولتی ایران را می توان در چهار دسته «چالش های سخت افزاری تحول دیجیتال (زیرساخت فناوری اطلاعات و زیرساخت مالی)، چالش های نرم افزاری تحول دیجیتال (حکمرانی دیجیتال و فرهنگ تحول دیجیتال)، چالش های انسان افزاری تحول دیجیتال (شایستگی های متولیان تحول دیجیتال و شایستگی های شهروندی دیجیتال) و چالش های اکوسیستم (تعاملات اکوسیستم و ظرفیت اکوسیستم)» طبقه بندی کرد. این چارچوب می تواند به عنوان هادی پژوهش های آتی در مورد تحول دیجیتال در بخش دولتی مورد استفاده نظریه پردازان و پژوهشگران قرار گیرد و رهنمودهای مفیدی برای خط مشی گذاران و مدیران دولتی ارائه دهد.Analyzing the Challenges of Digital Transformation in Iran's Public Sector: a Qualitative Research
In recent times, owing to the rapid growth of technologies and their significant impacts on economic, political and social spheres as well as the changing expectations of citizens, digital transformation in the public sector has become an imperative need. Governments act as the guardians of the society in harnessing and benefiting from digital transformation. However, despite this, there are challenges confronting the government that hinder it from playing such a role. According to the literature review and the lack of a comprehensive framework of the challenges of digital transformation in Iran's public sector, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the challenges facing Iran's public sector in establishing digital transformation. In this study, the qualitative content analysis method was employed to collect data and extract expert opinions from semi-structured interviews with 40 information technology specialists. Based on the findings, the challenges of digital transformation in Iran's government organizations can be categorized into four types: hardware challenges (information technology infrastructure and financial infrastructure), software challenges (digital governance and the culture of digital transformation), human challenges (competencies of digital transformation custodians and digital citizenship competencies) and ecosystem challenges (ecosystem interactions and ecosystem capacity). This framework can be utilized by theorists and researchers as a guide for future studies on digital transformation in the public sector and provide useful guidelines for policymakers and government managers.IntroductionIn the last few years, the emergence of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, blockchain, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning has caused an unprecedented transformation in the government, industry and society. Industrial revolution 4.0 and society 5.0 have led governments to use technologies to improve services and the quality of public administration, and the governance process of societies in the digital age has changed significantly. Today, citizens expect services to be provided to them with speed, agility, flexibility and minimum cost. As a result, it is very important that the government has the ability to provide better services in the shortest time to the citizens in any geographical area. Therefore, government organizations as the executive arm of national governance should be in line with the needs and demands of citizens in search of new methods that bring continuous innovation in providing public services to citizens. One of these methods is the implementation of digital transformation, or in other words, the transition from the current electronic government to the digital government, which can be a way out of the current situation and a way to provide better public services.Today, any government that wants to move towards the realization of good governance must be equipped with a powerful tool such as digital government, the realization of which requires the implementation of digital transformation in the public sector. Unlike digitization, which focuses on the digitalization of services, digital transformation refers to the fundamental redesign and revision of public policies, processes, and services in order to create better value and user experiences Digital transformation helps governments to provide services that even in an era of challenges such as budget constraints, income inequality and geopolitical instability; It meets the changing expectations of citizens and businesses and also enables citizens to expand their interactions with governments, which ultimately can lead to increasing the resilience of a country's social and economic system. In this regard, digital government has received attention in all parts of the world and almost all developed countries have welcomed digital government policies and made technological innovations.Case study In Iran, measures in this direction, such as the digital transformation document, drafting and approving relevant laws and regulations in this area, such as clauses 12 and 15 of the general policies of the administrative system notified by the Supreme Leader, the second program (development of electronic government and administrative intelligence) of Administrative system reform program - second round approved by the Supreme Administrative Council and clauses 32 and 34 of the general policies of the sixth development plan and also clause 25 of the seventh plan have been carried out. However, the examination of the current state of digital government indicators and the results of studies on the development of e-government in Iran show that the public sector has not been able to move in this direction in sync with other countries and has remained unable to implement the digital transformation process.Considering the inappropriate position of the country in the state of digital government and considering that Iran's management system is struggling with many problems and issues; The role of digital transformation in the public sector in the direction of reforming Iran's administrative system and developing electronic government is undeniable. Considering the importance of the mentioned topic, it is necessary to carry out the required studies in this field in the country in order to carry out future plans. Although there have been studies in the field of digital transformation in the country digital transformation in Iran's public sector has not been addressed. Therefore, considering that the recognition of issues and problems is the main step of transformation, this research seeks to identify the challenges of digital transformation in the public sector, to implement it and implement structural reform programs in the administrative system. country and finally, help realize the digital government.Materials and Methods The present research is qualitative research and one of the categories of developmental studies, the purpose of which is to analyze the challenges of digital transformation in the public sector of Iran and provide a comprehensive framework. In order to achieve this goal, qualitative content analysis method with inductive approach has been used. In this research, interviews have been conducted with 40 IT professionals who are characterized by relevant education and their history of cooperation with government organizations in the field of digital transformation. Targeted non-probability and snowball (with maximum diversity) were used until reaching theoretical saturation, and finally theoretical saturation was achieved with 40 interviews.Discussion and Results The findings of this research show that the challenges of digital transformation in the public sector can be divided into four categories: hardware challenges (information technology infrastructure and financial infrastructure), software challenges (digital governance) and the culture of digital transformation), man-made challenges (competencies of digital transformation custodians and digital citizenship competencies) and ecosystem challenges (ecosystem interactions and ecosystem capacity)".ConclusionIn this research, through interviews with experts in this field, the challenges of digital transformation in Iran's public sector were divided into 4 themes: "hardware", "software", "human software" and "ecosystem".According to the findings, among the most important challenges that Iran's public sector is facing are information technology infrastructure and financial infrastructure, governance of digital transformation, culture of digital transformation, competencies of those in charge of digital transformation, digital competencies. Citizens and interactions and capacity of the ecosystem pointed out.
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